The Americas to 1500 Essay -- essays papers

THE AMERICAS TO 1500I. Methodology in the HistoryThis period, which deals with the world the Indians knew before the arrival of European explorers, poses difficulties flowing mostly from the lack of the usual evidentiary foundation for doing accounting written documents (for example, letters, speeches, treaties, constitutions, laws, books, newspapers, magazines, almanacs). This lack need not be a major obstacle to historical study, however. Indeed, one of the most important things we can accomplish in teaching this period is devising ways to give students a sense of the spectrum of methods that historians use to investigate and understand the past. We can give students a sense of the pretentiousness and depth of the historians task and the remarkable array of tools and techniques available to the historian to find out about the past. In seeking to understand the first human beings who colonized North and South America either 15,000 or 40,000 years ago (the dates are a matter of vig orous historical dispute), historians use some or all of the following archaeology (digs for artifacts, examinations of burial sites, close study of ancient constructions such as the cliff dwellings of the western United States, or the mounds left by the mound-builder peoples of the southeastern United States) comparative religion and folklore -- the study of creation myths, legends, and folktales told by Indian peoples medicine -- tracing such biological factors as human bloodtypes to establish how opposite peoples (the Aztec, the Comanche, the Seminole, the Kwakiutl) may well share a common ancestry, or studying the differing responses of Indian and European peoples to diseases to illustrate how contact between the cultures occasionally proven fatal to the indigenous culture geology, climatology, and ecology -- to reconstruct the land as the Indians found it, to identify the ways they lived off the land and in harmony with it, and to furnish a basis for comparison between Indi an and European understandings of the relationship between human beings and the natural world linguistics -- to trace the origins and development of Indian languages and the genealogy of Indian language families anthropology -- to identify shared cultural elements and cultural distinctions between Indian peoples and even conventional techniques of history -- e.g., close interpretation of such histo... ..., and that technological insights such as the wheel are not inevitable.) Indian economies were shaped by their geography, climate, and ecology. As noted above, some Indian peoples were primarily hunters and grazers, succession others were primarily agricultural, and still others possessed complex, sophisticated, and successful mixed economies that rivaled European economic systems.One last point Again, all these areas remain controversial in the extreme, implicating as they do such disputes as whether Indian peoples are primitive and whether the concept of primitive is useful or e ven appropriate in analyzing a different peoples culture and way of life. Further, as we see in essay II, a complicating factor in the study of the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and settlers is the idea -- astray circulated and discussed during the 500the anniversary of Columbuss arrival in the New World -- that the Europeans dispossessed the rightful inhabitants of these continents, and that all later American civilization and history, however notable and estimable its achievements and ideals, is base on a colossal series of acts of expropriation, fraud , and genocide.

My Childhood House :: Free Essays

My Childhood House When I was a child I used to live in a offer which was very old and very big. To add a bit of ambience, there is one of the largest graveyards in the nation right across my street. It used to conk out me creeps especi onlyy around Halloween. The house was quite old if I remember rightly I think it was built in the 1800s. There would be usual sounds of an old house, the creeks and groans and the occasional sounds here and there. The cellar was very eerie as most cellars would be. There was one room in the cellar it was a storage room that was most disturbing. No one ever went in there unless it was necessary, no one stayed in there foresighteder than they had to. My brother and I would swear we saw eyes watching us from the dark room sometime. My brother used to tell me the weird dreams he used to have. It seemed as if the house was trying to communicate with him. One of the dreams he had was of small children writing on the living room walls, and an adult, maybe one of the childrens parent, yelling at them. Not long after, my parents decide to decorate the living room. We had friend and relatives helping us helping us strip off the wallpaper. There must have been at least(prenominal) twenty layers of wallpaper. Sure enough one of the layers of wallpaper had writing on it, in what looked like crayon marks. Calculations such as 1+1=2 were written on the wall. The moment I saw this I was astonished, my brother and I quickly ran to my parents and told them of this sinister discovery. My parents didnt think much of it but only simile after all, my mother is an adamant disbeliever in the supernatural. My brother and I decided to investigate further, because we were kids exploration was fascinating for us. We decided to stay awake all night in our separate bedrooms that were situated on the upper level.

Free YGB Essay - Innocence vs Reality in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

The invention Young Goodman cook presents two estimations loss of innocence and coping with reality. Loss of Innocence is a major theme of the story and is easily seen. A loss of innocence is when those that do not know something horrible or do not believe in its existence scratch to an understanding of that horrible thing that forever changes them. The innocents in the story are Goodman brown and his wife, Faith. Faith, we see is capable of attaining heaven(577), a good place where evil is unknown. Brown is also an innocent as shown by when the inconvenience oneself reveals to him a series of horribles as the two walk through the woods-namely that his grandfather, his mentor, and the preacher have all communed with the devil before (578-580). In the passage, the devil puts it upon himself to rectify this lack of understanding by informing those who had hoped for good, that their very nature is evil. The truth is what Goodman Brown had said before in that respect is no good on earth and sin is but a name. Come, devil for to thee is this world given(581). Coping with reality becomes a major issue later on the loss of innocence. Both of our innocents must devise a way of dealing with the new found horribles. The devil, in our passage, suggests Evil must be your only happiness. When Brown denies the devils truth(584), he chooses the alternative. Brown lives out his life an up elated and distrustful man (584). His wife, once a happy person, due to evidence of the contrary, did not change and lived a happy life. So we can see there were two paths to follow once innocence has been lost-accepantance of the horrible truth which leads to happiness or the constant denial of it and subsequent gloom (585). These two themes point out two very separate beliefs of the sociohistorical period during which Hawthorne wrote. Puritanism had held sway over American thought for many generations prior to Hawthorne. It presented the motif that all men are born sinful due to Original Sin. That understanding was the basis for the loss of innocence theme described earlier. At Hawthornes while puritanical beliefs were transforming. The new theology emphasized a connection of man to nature. Any truths to be found in nature were right and true. This presented the second theme or question of coping with reality.

It’s Supernatural, Not Extra-terrestrial Essay -- classics, shakespear

In the time that King James I ruled, there was a large fear of witches and witchcraft throughout England and Scotland. And during his reign, William Shakespeare wrote the play Macbeth, which is the renamed Kings Men sign of gratitude towards James. Macbeth is interesting because it is based on a story from Scottish register particularly apt for a monarch who traced his line back to Banquo (Greenblatt 815). The play also drew from James own fears of assassination, eventually leading to Macbeths own fear of Banquo and having him killed so that he would not have to worry about his possibility of becoming a traitor. James also had a fear of witchcraft being behind either attempt on his life because he suspected the hand of the devil in any plot against an anointed king (816). James had a strong article of belief in the supernatural and witchcraft and had written a book about witchcraft and believed that the reason for various things that happened in his life to be the fault of witch es and lived in fear of the occult eventually bringing everything to an end. Before an exploration of the actual occult, supernatural and other spooky things that happened in Macbeth, it is best to look at the history of witchcraft in the time and how people dealt with the threat of witchcraft. In the 1840s, Wilhelm Gottlieb Soldan believed that witchcraft was actually something that was made up by monks and that it was actually a non-existent crime musical composition German mythologist Jacob Grimm viewed witches as wise-women persecuted by the church (Gaskill 1070). Soldans view is also shared by Daniel Fischlin, who argues that witchcraft during Jamess reign was a constructed political threat to be punished in order that the kings absolute monarchical a... ...es. Modern Philology 1.1 (1903) 31-47. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Shakespeare, William, Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, Katharine Eisaman Maus, and Andrew Gurr. Macbeth. Introduction. The Nort on Shakespeare establish on the Oxford Edition. 2nd ed. New York W.W. Norton & Co, 2008. 815-24. Print. Shakespeare, William, Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, Katharine Eisaman Maus, and Andrew Gurr. Macbeth. The Norton Shakespeare Based on the Oxford Edition. 2nd ed. New York W.W. Norton & Co, 2008. 825-78. Print. Stein, Arnold. Macbeth and Word-Magic. The Sewanee Review 59.2 (1951) 271-84. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.Yonglin, Yang. How to Talk to the Supernatural in Shakespeare. Language in Society 20.2 (1991) 247-61. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

Essay --

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high melodic line glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to absolute (Type 1 diabetes) or relative (Type 2 diabetes) deficiency of insulin hormone ( arena wellness Organization, 1999). Diabetes affects almost every organ system in the personate due to metabolic problems caused by hyperglycemia, especially in undiagnosed or uncontrolled indivi two-folds (World wellness Organization, 1999). Until youthfully it was believed that diabetes affected mainly developed countries, but recent research reveals an increase in the number of type 2 diabetes cases in developing countries (Chuang, 2002 Kinra, 2010 Narayanappa, 2011). Diabetes is associated with complications much(prenominal) as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, loss of vision and neurologic impairment, which behind lead to a chronic disease state and even death (Ameri merchant ship Diabetes Association, 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more(prenominal) than 350 million people oecumenical have diabetes. Almost 80% of deaths caused by diabetes occur in countries with low income. According to WHO, India is soon the country most affected by this disease with more than 32 million diabetic patients (Mohan, 2005). BackgroundInsufficient response to insulin in what causes diabetes. The pancreas, an accessory secretor of the digestive system, is the organ that produces insulin (ref Human Biology Book). The pancreas has a dual function because it features as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is make in cell clusters called islets of Langerhans, which contains four main cell types that can be classified according to their secretion alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin, del... ...cose triple times each day and dealing with the various highs and lows (both forcible and emotional) of life with diabetes can make all the difference.ConclusionsTo prevent diabetes related morbidity and mortality, there is an long need of dedicated self-care behaviors in multiple domains, including food choices, physical activity, proper medications intake and blood glucose monitoring from the patients. Though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be considered as positive contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is take for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications. Essay -- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to absolute (Type 1 diabetes) or relative (Type 2 diabetes) deficiency of insulin hormone (World Health Organization, 1999). Diabetes affects almost every organ system in the body due to metabolic problems caused by hyperglycemia, especially in undiagnosed or uncontrolled individuals (World Health Organization, 1999). Until recently it was believed that diabetes affected mainly developed countries, but recent research reveals an increase in the number of type 2 diabetes cases in developing countries (Chuang, 2002 Kinra, 2010 Narayanappa, 2011). Diabetes is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, loss of vision and neurological impairment, which can lead to a chronic disease state and even death (American Diabetes Association, 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 350 million people worldwide have diabetes. Almost 80% of deaths caused by diabetes occur in countries with low income. According to WHO, India is currently the country most affected by this disease with more than 32 million diabetic patients (Mohan, 2005). BackgroundInsufficient response to insulin in what c auses diabetes. The pancreas, an accessory gland of the digestive system, is the organ that produces insulin (ref Human Biology Book). The pancreas has a dual function because it features as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is organized in cell clusters called islets of Langerhans, which contains four main cell types that can be classified according to their secretion alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin, del... ...cose multiple times each day and dealing with the various highs and lows (both physical and emotional) of life with diabetes can make all the difference.ConclusionsTo prevent diabetes related morbidity and mortality, there is an immense need of dedicated self-care behaviors in multiple domains, including food choices, physical activity, proper medications intake and blood glucose monitoring from the patients. Though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be consider ed as positive contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications.

Essay --

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic infirmity characterized by advanced blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to absolute (Type 1 diabetes) or coitus (Type 2 diabetes) deficiency of insulin hormone (World Health Organization, 1999). Diabetes affects almost every organ system in the body due to metabolic problems caused by hyperglycemia, especially in undiagnosed or uncontrolled individuals (World Health Organization, 1999). Until recently it was believed that diabetes affected mainly developed countries, yet recent research reveals an increase in the number of grapheme 2 diabetes cases in developing countries (Chuang, 2002 Kinra, 2010 Narayanappa, 2011). Diabetes is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, loss of plenty and neurological impairment, which can lead to a chronic disease state and even death (American Diabetes Association, 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 350 million battalion worldwi de have diabetes. Almost 80% of deaths caused by diabetes give in countries with low income. According to WHO, India is currently the country most affected by this disease with more than 32 million diabetic patients (Mohan, 2005). Background meagerly response to insulin in what causes diabetes. The pancreas, an accessory gland of the digestive system, is the organ that produces insulin (ref Human Biology Book). The pancreas has a dual function because it features as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland gland. The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is organized in cell clusters called islets of Langerhans, which contains four main cell types that can be classified according to their secretion of import cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin, del... ...cose multiple times each day and dealing with the assorted highs and lows (both physical and emotional) of life with diabetes can make all the difference.ConclusionsTo proceed diabetes related morbidity and mortality, there is an immense need of dedicated self-care behaviors in multiple domains, including food for thought choices, physical activity, proper medications intake and blood glucose monitoring from the patients. though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be considered as positive contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted temperament of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications. Essay -- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to absolute (Type 1 diabetes) or relative (Type 2 diabetes) deficiency of insulin hormone (World Health Organization, 1999). Diabetes affects almost every organ system in the body due to metabolic problems caused by hyperglycemia, especially in undiagnosed or uncontrolled individuals (World Health Organization, 1999). Until recently it was believed that diabetes affected mainly developed countries, but recent research reveals an increase in the number of type 2 diabetes cases in developing countries (Chuang, 2002 Kinra, 2010 Narayanappa, 2011). Diabetes is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, loss of vision and neurological impairment, which can lead to a chronic disease state and even death (American Diabetes Association, 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 350 million people worldwide have diabetes. Almost 80% of deaths caused by diabetes occur in countries with low income. According to WHO, India is currently the country most affected by this disease with more than 32 million diabetic patients (Mohan, 2005). BackgroundInsufficient response to insulin in what causes diabet es. The pancreas, an accessory gland of the digestive system, is the organ that produces insulin (ref Human Biology Book). The pancreas has a dual function because it features as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is organized in cell clusters called islets of Langerhans, which contains four main cell types that can be classified according to their secretion alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin, del... ...cose multiple times each day and dealing with the various highs and lows (both physical and emotional) of life with diabetes can make all the difference.ConclusionsTo prevent diabetes related morbidity and mortality, there is an immense need of dedicated self-care behaviors in multiple domains, including food choices, physical activity, proper medications intake and blood glucose monitoring from the patients. Though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be considered as positi ve contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications.

Reflection of the Role and Responsibilities of the Teacher Essay

Roles and Responsibilities of a t for each oneer are vital and must be learnt, as a general rule, to ensure quality of teaching. To embark on this journey it is essential to attain enough knowledge about the subject and assembly the correct material for teaching. It is non only sufficient to hold good quality knowledge on the subject, but also have a respectable appearance. The teacher is responsible for assimilator behaviour and classroom management, as well as to understand the capability of the apprentices. Therefore it is essential for teachers to assess the students level of understanding.As all students learn in different ways, there is the Honey and Mumford theory learn styles (Honey, P. & Mumford, A. 1992), to assist teachers. By carrying out group work it will allow for a good chance to get students working together as it facilitates the need for productive talk, (Edwards & Mercer, 1987). Here the sociological learning style can be applied. By implementing this on the students it allows them to learn from each former(a) and share ideas with one another. The students can also participate in exploratory talk (Mercer & Hodgkinson 2008) which allows them to teach each other and take ownership of their own ideas.This is very encouraging as it allows the students to indulge deeply on the knowledge they hold, when explaining to other individuals. Also with the help of the cyberspace and modern technology there are many ways to get the students interactively involved with lessons. To allow them to work on their own, will be a weaken way of learning as they will be learning on their own terms. Here one other learning style has been applied, which is the tactile style, this is where the student learns best when they are given the opportunity by doing something by themselves.On the other hand there is the auditory learning style whereby a apprentice benefits from simply listening, so if the lectures are well planned and class discussions are carried out it will benefit this type of learner. If the above was applied to the students they would stay diligent and involved with the teacher, which is important for effective learning. Also possessing a great amount of creativity when teaching and trying new ways of explaining areas of the subject will supply great outcomes to the students level of learning. As Wilson (2008), states on similar terms that the oles are functions of a teacher, which are, planning and preparing for the class, developing interesting way to deliver the lesson, assessing the impact of learning and ensuring safe learning. Therefore ensuring suitable accommodation facilities, which are available, in order to provide the desired learning setting. If the roles and responsibilities of a teacher are in good practice the teacher will be in a position where she/he can be approached with comfort and ease by the student, not only to discuss about the subject but anything they wish to discuss.Again this brings great benef it allowing the teacher to understand the learner and to provide the correct resources. further the safeguarding of children is taken very seriously and usually new teachers are supplied with key documents, which are required to be read and understood and complied with, for example if a teacher knows a child is being abused the teacher will have to know how to deal with the situation using the advice given and who to report it to.One other important part of being a teacher is knowing how well he/she is teaching, this can be achieved by assessing the students, and from these assessments changes for improvement can take place. When assessing done assignments or exams, it is highly important teachers provide positive feedback as it will always encourage the student to learn more. On concluding this, teaching should be delivered to the learner in a way that is informative, creative, interactive and responsive within a relaxed environment, to enable high learning performance from the l earners.The teachers holds many roles and responsibilities, however, most importantly there are in search of constant ways of finding better ways of students to learn, by using different unique methods to allow the learner to achieve their best outcome, which will then make them accessible for contributing positively in society, or going onto higher education, and providing a better modus vivendi for one self.

Communication in Individual and Collectivist Societies Essay

How do people in individualist cultures behave differently to people in collectivist cultures? People in collectivist cultures individually soul is encouraged to be an active hornswoggleer or role in society, to function as a whole.The rights, as a whole, trump those of the individual.Rules publicize unity, and selflessness.Working with others is considered the norm.Community strength is their main focus.People in single culturesThey promote the I for identity.Strive for goals, initiative, esteem and achievement.Independence is valued, less motive to aid others.Not relying on others is forecasted as a norm.Doing things on your own, depending only on ones self.As you were growing up, in what ways were you reared to be individualistic or collectivised? Which orientation was the prevalent cultural value of your family?For what I can remember, as a child, I was raised to be more socialistic but with a little bit of individualistic as well. Growing up with a large, caring and clos e family, it only came natural to me to fit into the collectivistic category. When you are young you are still learning therefor depend on others to gain knowledge and understanding to learn.One can only view themselves as collectivistic when it comes to being technical when viewing how you were raised. Also, I was involved in many friendship groups and multiple sports growing up. I had to learn from others how to play the sport, but once I grew in my skill of that sport, I then depended on myself to get better. So, both collectivistic and individualistic were used in upbringing. besides as far as a predominant role, I would have to lean to collectivistic.Explain the connections between these two cultures with the dialectic approach. Which of the six dialectics is the most predominant in assistingpeople in communicating more effectively in intercultural interactions? Provide examples to support your response.In this article, the two approaches that stood out to me were the cultural -individual and personal-contextual approaches. Seeing how there were some(prenominal) people in an argument from different cultures doesnt surprise me there was conflict amongstthem. Plus the context-personal played into each person differently and how they responded. And because of that, each persons cultural background came into play.

Research question †How many molecules are there in a liquid drop? Essay

Variables Independent variable The nature of the fluid drip.Dependent variable Mass of liquefied recede.Constants * Concentration of the fluiditys* The volume of a drop* Temperature of the liquidsHypotheses and prediction The heavier the liquid used i.e. a liquid with a high coition wedge commode, the more the weigh of w on the wholecules per drop. I predict this as the RMM (relative milling machinery mass) is the mea current of the mass of jettycules that throw away up a mole of a stub, and hence the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the mass is, the more the chassis of molecules there have to be. Thus, the liquid would have more number of molecules per unit volume as compared to i with a lower RMM, keeping in mind the same soaking up is taken. mechanism 1. Measuring scale, in grams ( 0.01 g)2. Dropper3. Beaker, 50 ml4. Distilled weewee5. Glycerine6. Ethanol7. Ethylene glycol8. Tissue paperMethodology 1. We roll up the instrument needed and measured the mass of th e 50 ml beaker. We called it m1.2. Using a eye dropper, we put 20 drops of water in the beaker. We measured the mass of the beaker + water, and called it m2. The mass of the 20 drops of water was found by subtracting m1 from m2. The answer was divided by 20 to find out the mass of one drop of water.3. We repeated step 2, with water, victimisation 40, 60, 80 and 100 drops. This made the experiment more accurate i.e. gave a more precise mass of the water drop.4. then, we repeated steps 3 and 4 with the three other liquids ethanol, glycerine and ethylene glycol.5. Values were noned down. Further calculations were made using the mole equation Number of moles =And, also using Avogadros unvaried, where the number of molecules in one mole of a substance is 6.023 10.Controlling, varying and monitoring the variables The independent variable was varied by using not one, but four antithetic types of liquid. These were distilled water, glycerine, ethanol and ethylene glycol. These liq uids have different relative molecular masses. The change of the dependent variable were monitored by using a measuring scale to observe the change in the masses of the same number of drops when different liquids were tried. The controlled variables were kept constant-(a) All the four liquids had the same concentration of 1 mol/dm. This was necessary as a change in the concentration produces a change in the number of moles of the liquid in the drop.(b) The drops were all of the same sizes, and hence of the same volume. the volume was kept constant by using the same dropper for all(prenominal) trial, and furthermore, by applying the same wardrobe (from the fingers) to the bulb of the dropper.(c) The temperature of the liquid was necessary to keep constant as even trivial changes in temperatures gouge make a liquid expand or contract, changing its volume. The experiment was carried out at room temperature, for all trials. The temperature of the surroundings was unchanged throughout the experiment i.e. the temperature of the air conditioner was not altered.Collecting relevant and fit data Before the experiment, several trials were executed in order to stick a gist of the experiment and recognize and amend any errors. Examples of errors include applying different amounts of pressure on the dropper bulb, giving us drops of different volumes. We also noticed that some snips, more or less drops were added than needed, due to not observing hygienic or counting the number of drops be put into the beaker carefully. We corrected this by paying more attention to the number of drops be put into the beaker. These errors were made right hand and taking trials before the experiment ensured we had a more precise, accurate and relevant experiment.We also decided to take the mass as the dependent variable, instead of volume, as we were provided with a measuring scale which was much more accurate ( 0.01 g) as compared to even the most accurate measuring cylinder (10 ml, 0.1 ml). This reduced the overall unbelief of the equipment used and hence the general error of the experiment, and made the data more relevant and certain. On the other hand, it was made sure sufficient data was collected as we took five different trials (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 drops) for each of the four liquids, just to average it down and get the mass of one drop (for each liquid). Furthermore, we measured the masses of high numbers of drops ex- 60, 80, 100 drops etc. as the higher the number of drops, the lesser the error uncertainty.The standard deviations of the averages of each mystify of drops has not been calculated, as it isnt the final value needed (i.e. the average mass of one drop is the final value needed). I have go off those averages to three decimal places (instead of one) as the values are in truth small. The average mass of one drop has been rounded off to the same number of places as the standard deviation, that is two significant figures.The calculations ar e shown on the following page.Calculations * The averages have been calculated the following way-For precedent, taking the values for water === = 0.0634 = 6.3 10 (to one dp)* The standard deviation for the averages have been found out in the following way-1. First the average of the values have been found. Taking the example of the values of water the average is 6.3 10 g (0.0634 g).2. Then, the end between each reading and the average was found. That is0.058 0.0634 = -0.00540.059 0.0634 = -0.00440.065 0.0634 = 0.00160.067 0.0634 = 0.00360.068 0.0634 = 0.00463. Next, these differences were squared (in order to remove any negatively charged signs)(-0.0054) = 2.916 105(-0.0044) = 1.936 105(0.0016) = 2.56 106(0.0036) = 1.296 105(0.0046) = 2.116 1054. These squares were then added, and the sum was divided by (n 1), where n is the number of values.= 2.13 1055. Finally, the square root of this number gives the standard deviation of the average= 4.615 10However, this valu e is always rounded off to one significant figure (hence, so is the average value) giving 0.2 s.6. This method was used to get the standard deviation of the rest of the four averages as well.* The number of moles of the liquid contained in the drop was calculated by the formula = Number of moles = .The relative molar masses of the four liquids were taken from belles-lettres values Water 18 Glycerine 92 Ethanol 46 and Ethylene Glycol 62. (www.wikipedia.com)* The number of molecules present in the drop was found out by using Avogadros formula which states Number of molecules = Number of moles of the substance (6.023 10)Data processing Graph 1 This graph shows us two things the mass of the liquid drop as well as the number of molecules each drop contains of four different liquids, which are placed on the X axis. Comparing this graph, and literature values, we can see there is an indirect relationship between the mass of the drop and the number of molecules. This relations hip is most importantly affected by the relative molar mass (RMM) of the liquid. A higher RMM means a lesser number of moles in a given volume, as is seen in the case of glycerine, where the number of molecules is seen to be relatively lesser when compared to its mass and other values. This means that glycerines molecules are heavy, large or more dense. Whereas in the case of water, the number of molecules is seen to be much higher as compared its mass which suggests that water has a lower RMM, relatively, and hence is lighter, or smaller, on the whole.This graph also shows us anomalous results regarding the mass of the ethylene glycol drop. Technically, the ethylene glycol drop should have a greater mass as when compared to ethanol, as it has a greater RMM (value got from literature data) and a lesser number of molecules. This could have been due to errors in the volume of the liquid drop (for example), which have been explained in the evaluation.Conclusion Thus, we can conclude by stating that the hypothesis has been proved wrong i.e. as the relative molecular mass of a liquid increases, or the mass of the liquid drop increases, the number of molecules it contains decreases. This is because the relative molar mass is a measure of the mass of one mole of a substance (relative to 1/12 of the mass of carbon 12), and one mole of any substance consists of the same number of molecules 6.023 10. However, one mole of a substance may differ in mass from one mole of another substance.This is solely because of the mass of the particles contained in that one mole of the substance. A compound which has i) many atoms ii) heavy atoms (in one molecule), will have a higher relative molar mass than a molecule of a compound which has lesser atoms or lighter ones (or both). In this experiment, we are not measuring the number of molecules in one mole of these for substances, but in one drop. hence, the volume remains constant here.Thus, the only way a drop of a substance (of the same volume as the other three drops) will have more number of molecules than any other will be by the liquid having a lower RMM, so that more number of particles would fit in that drop. Taking the example of water, its mass is relatively lower as compared to the number of molecules it contains. This just suggests that a water molecule will either have lesser atoms, or lighter atoms, or both. On the other hand, the molecule of glycerine is jolly heavy, with an RMM of 92 (whereas the RMM of water is 18) and we can see by the graph that the number of molecules it has is relatively lower than that of waters however the mass of the drop is higher than that of waters. This shows that glycerine molecules are heavier than water molecules. Thus, as the mass of the drop increases, the number of molecules it contains decreases.Errors and observations Glycerine doesnt dissolve in water, hence it was difficult to sweet the dropper and the measuring cylinder containing it. Ethanol, being an alcohol, was volatile. Thus, it easily evaporated. This could have been the reason why the mass of the ethanol drop was lower than expected. Any slight changes in the room temperature would have caused an error to the volume of the drop, since it is so small in volume, ex- opening of the laboratory door, changing of the temperature of the air conditioner, opening of the windows. However, it was made sure as far as it could to avoid these changes. The same dropper was used for each liquid, in order to try to maintain the volume of the drops. This could have resulted in the liquids mixing up, hence altering the mass values. Minute air particles like dust and dirt could have affected the experiment by changing the mass of the drops. The readings taken towards the end of the laboratory session were slightly heavier (due to some liquid still remaining in the instrument). The angle with which the dropper was held made a difference to the size of the drop i.e. if the drop was held vert ically, the drops flowed faster and were heavier. Whereas if the dropper was held more horizontally, the speed of the flow of the drops was slower and the size was smaller. After filling the dropper, the first drops were slightly heavier as compared to the last ones due to the extra pressure being applied to them from the liquid above. Air bubbles were trapped in the liquids. Glycerine had the largest and most viscous drops whereas water had the smallest and least viscous drops. Sometimes, drops were added to a measuring cylinder which already contained drops, intentionally. For example, if a measuring cylinder had 20 drops of water, 20 more drops were added and then the mass for 40 drops of water was measured. In case there were any errors for the first 20 drops, they could have carried on for the next 20 drops. The liquids could have been slightly impure, as they were all being used for the same experiment (some could have mixed). This would have made a difference to the mass.Eval uation 1. In order to clean the glycerine left from the sides of the dropper etc, a substance which dissolves glycerine could have been used, for example alcohol.2. Since ethanol was volatile, the experiment could have been carried out in an area where there was no straight wind. The ethanol bottle could have been kept shut for most of the time, and the masses could have been taken down quickly.3. The room temperature could have been well monitored by maintaining a constant temperature (of the air conditioner) and strictly ensuring that the windows or the door werent opened.4. Extra care and hygiene could be taken to ensure that the liquids didnt mix up. This could be through by making sure that attention is paid to the lab while performing it and the volunteers arent distracted. To make sure the dropper was well cleaned for each trial, liquids which change state the liquids being used could have been applied. Another way could be to find another dropper with the exactly same diame ter as the one being used. This would decrease the errors by a great deal.5. To ensure dust particles didnt fall into the liquids, a conical flask could be used.6. After each trial, it should be made sure that the beaker is cleaned well and wiped well too, by tissue paper. In order to ensure that there is no extra liquid remaining, the mass of the beaker could be checked before adding the drops.7. One set angle (of the dropper) should be used, for example the dropper could held at approximately 45 to the laboratory surface table for all trials. The pressure applied to the bulb should also be monitored.8. When the dropper is full, the experiment could be carried out more slowly and the number of drops be carefully monitored. This would make sure that the size of the drops was not too large, and that the number of drops being added to the beaker were carefully monitored.9. To decrease the number of air bubbles, the bottles which contained the four liquids could be shut for most of the time and not moved around much. It should also be made sure that the dropper was full with sufficient liquid so that there would be very less air bubbles, or none at all.10. To avoid carry-on errors, each trial could be performed after cleaning the beaker with water and wiping it well with tissue, each time.These would be the improvements I would add to my experiment in case I perform it again. I would also like to use more, different liquids, in order to get a broader idea of the experiment.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 3

No brieflyer had I left the approximate range when a hansom cab flew around the corner, followed by a police sympathetic on horseback. I brute(a) back into the shadows, for one breathless moment overwhelmed by the clamor.I had thought New Orleans was big and compared to secluded Falls, it was. Buildings, businesses, and boats were crowded into a small, frenetic area by the mississippi River. only when it was nothing compared to Manhattan, where alabaster buildings rose high in the sky and people from Italy, Ireland, Russia, Germany crimson China and Japan walked the streets, selling their goods.Even at night, New York City pulsated with life. Fifth Avenue was lit by a row of happy, hissing bobble lanterns that gave a warm, rich glow to the cobbled street. A giggling couple bent close together, wrapping their coats more tightly around themselves as the wind whistled past. A letter carrier sh placeed out headlines about factories on fire and corruption in city hall. Hearts beat in a frenetic cacophony, thumping and racing. The trash, the perfumes, and yet just the simple smell of clean, soapy skin clung to the streets like ropy vines of kudzu back theatre. after(prenominal) I regained my calm, I ran into the closest shadows beyond the escape cast by gas lamps, the girl heavy in my arms. There was a doorman at a re berthncy hotel up the block. As soon as he unfolded a newspaper, I staggered past him as fast as I could with my burden. Of course, if I had been at the peak of my Power, if I had been feeding on humans this whole time, it would commit been nothing to compel the doorman to forget he saw anything. Better yet, I could have run straight to S planety-third alley and been no more than a blur to the human eye.At Sixty-eighth Street, I hid beneath a damp bush as a drunk stumbled toward us. In the close confines of the branches, there was nothing to distract me from the sweet scent of the girls blood. I tried not to inhale, cursing the desire that made me yearn to snap her throat out. When the drunk passed, I dashed north to Sixty-ninth Street, praying no one would see me and stop to question me about the unconscious girl in my arms. But in my haste, I kicked a stone, bucking it clattering louder than a gunshot down the cobbled street.The drunk whirled around. Hulloo? he slurred.I pressed myself against the limestone wall of a polarity, saying a silent prayer that he would continue on his way. The man hesitated, peering around with bleary eyes, then collapsed on to the pavement with an audible snore.The girl let out another moan and shifted in my arms. It wouldnt be long before she woke and realized with a loud scream, no doubt that she was in the arms of a inappropriate man. Steeling myself, I counted to ten. Then as if all the demons in hell were after me, I broke out into an uneven sprint, not even bothering to try to adopt my charge gently. Sixty-ninth Street, Seventieth . . . A stray drop of the girls blood s pattered my cheek. A footstep echoed behind me. A horse whinnied in the distance.Soon we were at Seventy-second Street. Just one more block and we would be there. I would drop her off at her doorstep and sprint back to the But One eastern United States Seventy-third Street made me pause.The house I grew up in was enormous, built by my father with the money he had made after coming to this expanse from Italy. Veritas Estate had three reports, a wide, sunny porch that wrapped around the entire structure, and narrow columns that stretched high to the second story. It was equipped with every luxurious feature on hand(predicate) during the Northern Blockade.But this house or mansion, rather was enormous. A chateau made out of bone-white limestone, it took up nearly the entire block. Close-set windows lined every floor like watchful eyes. Wrought iron balconies, not unlike the ones that adorned Callies house in New Orleans, hung at each level, dry brown vines clinging to the alloy curlicues. There were even pointed, European-style pinnacles that boasted carved gargoyles.How fitting that the house I had to approach was guarded by monsters.I walked up to the giant front door, which was carved from down in the mouth wood. Depositing the girl gently on the stoop, I lifted the brass latch and knocked three times. I was about to turn on my heel to return to the park when the massive door flew open, as if it were no heavier than a garden gate. A servant stood at attention. He was tall and rail-thin, and he wore a simple cruddy suit. We looked at each other for a moment, then at the girl on the stoop.Sir . . . the onlyler called to an unseen figure behind him, his voice surprisingly calm. Its Miss Sutherland . . .There were cries and shufflings. Almost immediately the entryway was crowded by furthest too many people, all of whom looked concerned.I found her in the park, I started.I got no further.Petticoats and heavy silk rustled as what seemed like half a dozen screaming women, servants, and men rushed out, fluttering around the girl like a flock of panicked geese. The smell of human blood was thick, making me light-headed. A richly dressed older woman the mother, I assumed immediately entrust a hand to her daughters neck to have for a heartbeat.Henry Get Bridget inside she ordered.The exclusivelyler gently scooped her up, unflinching when the blood began to soak into his cream waistcoat. A housekeeper followed, taking orders from the still-bellowing mother, who waved maids on their various tasks.Winfield, send the boy to fetch a doctor Have Gerta draw a hot bath. Get the cook to drum a cosset and some herbed spirits Remove her bodice immediately and unlace her corset Sarah, go to the trunk of old linens and cut us some bandages. Lydia, send for Margaret.The crowd filtered back through the door, one by one, except for a young boy in knickers and a cap who went dashing off, his piazza hitting the street with sharp taps as he ran int o the night. It was like the house, having spewed forth a few moments of life and family and vitality, now sucked its occupants back inside to its passion and protection.Even if I had wished to, I would have been unable to follow after them. Humans must invite their doom in whether they are aware of it or not. Without an invitation inside we lamias cannot enter any home, exiled from the warm hearths and friendly companionship that houses promise, left out in the night to simply watch.I turned to go, already having stayed far longer than I had intended.Hold there, young man.The voice was so confident, deep, and stentorian that I was pulled back as if compelled by some Power.Standing in the approach was a figure I surmised to be the man of the house and father of the girl I had saved. He was happily fat, with the kind of girth that causes a man to stand back on his heels. He wore expensive clothes made from wool and tweed, well tailored but in casual patterns. Comfortable summed u p his entire demeanor, from his ginger muttonchops to his sparkling melanize eyes to the half-smile that pulled at the left side of his mouth. It seemed he had worked hard for a large portion of his life pachydermatous hands and a redness about his neck attested to the fact that he hadnt inherited his wealth.For a moment the thought flashed through my head How behind it would be to lure him out here. One more step . . . His corpulent body would provide me with enough blood to sate my hunger for days. I tangle my jaw ache with the desire that would coax my fangs out, that would bring this man his death.But despite the many temptations Id faced tonight, I had left that life behind me.I was just leaving, sir. Im glad your daughter is safe, I utter, taking a step backward toward the shadows.The man put a meaty hand on my arm, fillet me. His eyes narrowed, and though I could have killed him in an instant, I was surprised at a sudden nervous fluttering in my stomach. Whats your name , son?Stefan, I answered. Stefan Salvatore.I realized immediately that telling him my real name like that was stupid, given the mess I had made of things in New Orleans and esoteric Falls.Stefan, he repeated, looking me up and down. Not going to press for a reward?I tugged on my shirt cuffs, embarrassed at my disheveled appearance. My black pants, with my journal tucked into the back pocket, were frayed. My shirt was pulled out and hanging in loose folds around my suspenders. No hat, no tie, no waistcoat, and above all that, I was dirty and smelled faintly of the outdoors.No, sir. Just glad to help, I murmured. The man was silent, as if he were having trouble processing my words. I wondered if the shock of seeing his daughter, bloodied and frail, had put him in something of a fog. Then he shook his head.Nonsense He clasped my right shoulder. I would give anything to keep my youngest safe. Come inside. I insist Share a cigar and let me toast your rescue of my baby girl.He tugged me into the house, as though I were a stubborn dog on a leash. I started to protest, but fell silent the moment I stepped into the grand foyer. The dark wainscoting was cherry wood. The stained glass windows that were meant to illuminate the doorway during the day sparkled even at night, their colors jewel-like under the gaslight. A giant, formal stairway climbed to the coterminous floor, the balustrade looking as though it had been carved from whole trunks. In my human life, Id wished to be a scholar of architecture, and I could have gladly studied this home for hours.But before I could fully appreciate the entryway, the man herded me through a hall and into a cozy parlor. A roaring orange fire commanded attention on the far wall. High-backed chairs with silk cushions were scattered around the room and the walls were papered in pine green. A snooker set was discreetly placed behind a couch, and cabinets of books, globes, and assorted curiosities framed high casement windows. My fathe r, a collector of books and fine objects, would have loved this room, and my chest tightened at the realization that I would surpass my own father in life experience.Cigar? he offered, pulling out a box.No thank you, sir, I said. The cigars were the finest quality, made from my home states tobacco. At one time, I would have been more than happy to accept. But even the sound of a birds circular scraping against bark almost overwhelmed my heightened senses the thought of sucking in clouds of black smoke was unbearable.Hmmm. Doesnt partake. He raised a craggy eyebrow doubtfully. Youll not put in out on some spirits, I hope?No, sir. Thank you, sir.The proper words came out of my mouth even as I paced back and forth.Thats my boy. He prepared my drink, an apricot-colored liquid poured out of a cut crystal decanter.So you found my daughter in the park, he said, offering me the brandy. I couldnt help guardianship the sparkling glass up to the light. It would have been comely even withou t my vampire senses, scattering every stray beam like iridescent dragonflies.I nodded at my host and took a small sip, sitting down when he motioned to a leather chair. The warm, sweet spirits poured over my tongue, both comforting me and making me feel strangely uneasy at the same time. I had gone from living in a park to sipping fine liqueur in a mansion with a very wealthy man in the course of one short night. And at the same time that I longed to sprint back into the repulsiveness the loneliness that pervaded my very being begged me to linger. I had not spoken to anyone in two weeks, but here I was, invited into a veritable palace of human activity. I could sense at least a dozen servants and family members in the few rooms nearby, their heady scent indistinguishable to all but myself, and the two dogs I knew were in the kitchen.My benefactor regarded me strangely, and I made myself pay attention.Yes, sir. I found her in a clearing by the remains of the old Seneca Village.Wha t were you doing in the park so late at night? he asked, fixing me with his eyes.Walking, I said evenly.I braced myself for what would come next, the uncomfortable series of questions that would appreciate my station in life, though my ripped clothes surely gave some indication. If I were him, I would have pressed a few dollars into my hand and sped me out the door. After all, New York was not short on predators, and though he couldnt know it, probably could not even imagine it, I was the worst sort.But his next words surprised me. Down on your luck, son? he asked, his expression softening. What was it tossed out of your fathers house? A scandal? Duel? Caught on the wrong side of the war?My mouth gaped open. How did he know I wasnt just some vagrant?He seemed to guess my thought.Your shoes, son, show that you are obviously a gentleman, regardless of your current, eh, circumstances, he said, eyeing them. I looked at them myself scuffed and dirty, I hadnt shined them since Louisia na. The cut is Italian and the leather is fine. I know my leather. He tapped his own shoe, which looked to be made from crocodile. Its how I got my start. Im Winfield T. Sutherland, proprietor of Sutherlands Mercantile. Some of my neighbors made their money from oil or railroads, but I made my fortune honestly by selling people what they needed.The door to the postulate opened and a young woman Id seen downstairs came in. She was composed and graceful, with a step that was both regal and efficient. Her cap was simple almost like a servants but it accentuated her refined features. She was a rarefied version of the girl I had found in the park. Her hair was a more subtle golden shade, and her curls fell naturally in soft ringlets. Her eyelashes were as thick but longer, framing blue eyes with just a touch of gray in them. Her cheekbones were a trifle higher and her expressions more subdued.My human appreciation of her beauty fought with my vampires cold appraisal of her body healt hy and young.The doctor has just arrived, but Mama thinks she impart be fine, the girl said calmly. The wound is not as deep as it first seemed, and appears to be mending itself already. It is by all accounts a miracle.I shifted in my chair, knowing that I had been the reluctant source of that miracle.My daughter Lydia, Winfield introduced. The most queenly of my three graces. That was Bridget whom you found. Shes a bit . . . ah . . . tempestuous.She ran off by herself from a ball, Lydia said through a forced smile. I think you might be looking for a slightly stronger word than tempestuous, Papa.I liked Lydia immediately. She had none of the joie de vivre that Callie had, but she possessed an intelligence and sense of humor that became her. I even liked her father, despite his huff and bluster. In a way, this reminded me of my own home, of my own family, back when I had one.You have done us a great service, Stefan, Winfield said. And forgive me if Im speaking out of turn, but I sus pect that you dont have a proper home to return to. Why dont you stay the night here? It is too late for you to go anywhere, and you must be exhausted.I held up my hands. No, I couldnt.Surely you must, Lydia said.I . . . Say no. The image of Callies green eyes rose before me, and I thought of my vow to live apart from humans. But the comforts of this beautiful house reminded me so much of the human life Id left behind in Mystic Falls, I found it difficult to do what I knew I should.I insist, boy. Winfield put a meaty hand on my shoulder, forcing me out of the room. Its the least we can offer as a thank-you. A good nights sopor and a hearty breakfast.Thats very kind, but . . .Please, Lydia said, a little smile on her face. We are ever so grateful.I should really Excellent Winfield clapped. Its settled. Well even have your clothes cleaned and pressed.Like a horse being steered through a series of groomers before a race, the Sutherlands housekeeper ushered me up several flights of st eps to a back wing of the house that overlooked an east-facing alleyway. Instead of my usual hollow in the rocks by the stolen gravestones, I would sleep on a giant four-poster feathering bed in a room with a roaring fire, in a house of humans that welcomed me happily and quickly as one of their own.The vampire in me remained hungry and nervous. But that didnt prevent the human in me from savoring a taste of the life I had lost.

How GMOs Created?

How GMOs created?A genetically limitingd electric organism may be helper animal, plant, or micro-organism (e.g. bacteria) whose sequencetic makeup is altered through with(predicate) gene splice, genetic modification, or transgenic technology. This manipulation of genes and DNA has the potential to make combos of animal, bacterial, plant, and infective agent genes that either dont or wouldnt naturally manifest in reputation through ancient crossbreeding strategies.Its the unstable qualities created by these scientific manipulations, and a scarcity of long study and analysis on the impact such manipulations provide produce, that has several scientists and members of the overall public involved.How genetically changed foods created?When genetically modifying plants that neat banner used for food, scientists take away specific genes from the DNA of another organism, want associate animal, bacterium, plant, or virus and so add those genes into the DNA of the plant they require t o change.This method is usually mentioned as sequence splice. By adding completely different genes, scientists apply the plant can inherit the characteristics assureed inside the spliced section of DNA.ZUCCHINIWhat Is Zucchini? Also known as courgette, zucchini has its origin in America and is obtainable in yellow, lightweight inexperienced, and inexperienced color. the form of this tiny summer beat out resembles that of a ridged cucumber and options various seeds. Some cultivators conjointly manufacture zucchini in rounded or bottle shapes.Today, the most important producers of this coquet embody Japan, China, Romania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and Argentina. its adult year-around and may be eaten raw, sliced or in cooked kind. It may be cut in an exceedingly cold dish and is additionally lyonnaise in hot salads.Even though zucchini could be a fruit, its any(prenominal)times lyonnaise as a vegetablebe shake up its best at a time eaten in lyonnaise dishes. its picked once its b elow 8in/20cm long and also the seeds square measure soft and young. a totally developed zucchini is sometimes 3 feet long and contains an excessive amount of fiber and isnt smart to eat.Young zucchini incorporates a delicate style, soft covering, and buttery white flesh. its obtainable in its best kind throughout skill and July. the majority the grammatical constituents of this squash square measure edible, in concert with the flesh, seeds, and even the splutter.Varieties of zucchini Some widespread varieties areGolden zucchini options brght golden-yellow skin that retains its color even once preparation.Round sorts square measure dense, heavy, and nearly seeded with a swish surface.Tatume, that is common in Mexico, has similar options of spherical selection however has the big oval form.Costata Romanesco conjointly called Cocozelle could be a long, gauzy sort with a small bulge at very chinchy finish. It options pale, raised ribs with dappled inexperienced skin. once sturdy and young, this squash is juicy and sweet.Middle-Eastern sorts square measure fat, lightweight inexperienced, tapering ends with a thick greenish stem. they need swish, shiny skin and firm, crisp and flavourous flesh.Yellow Crooknecks have thick unsmooth skin with a markedly falcate neck. theyre fresh in texture with sweet, delicate flavor.Health Edges Of Zucchini Health edges of zucchini embody the followingWeight Loss You might be shocked to grasp that overwhelming zucchini can assist you melt off significantly. its very low in calories, however it provides you the sensation of being full. Therefore, its a good thanks to satisfy your appetency while not grabbing calories or beginning a crash diet set up. with the exception of the low-calorie count, its spirited water content and is made in fiber.Hence, once you eat it, your abdomen isnt empty, thereby creating zucchini recipes excellent if youre on a diet.Maintains Best Health already being an impressive supply of metal and asco rbic acrid, zucchini is additionally the most in force(p) supply of dietary fiber that may keep your body at heart the best form for the end of the day. It conjointly contains axerophthol, magnesium, folate, potassium, bulls eye, and phosphorus.This summer squash conjointly incorporates a high content of omega-3 fatty acid fatty acids, zinc, niacin, and macromolecule. Moreover, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and nuclear human action 20 in zucchini assure best health. its most likely the most effective squash having associate array of nutrients, together with sugar, carbohydrates, disintegrable and insoluble fiber, sodium, minerals, amino acids, and more.The B-complex vitamin ingredient of this squash is very suggested for pregnant girls additionally.Promotes Mens Health Many researchers have taken extracts from this squash to conduct sure studies associated over that this fruit has sure properties that effectively treat an ill in men known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or gracious endocrine Hypertrophy.Benign prostatic hyperplasia could be a condition wherever the ductless gland becomes enlarged in associate odd form and size, that then will cause hassle with each sexual and urinary operate. an honest treatment of this is often seen together with different foods that contain phytonutrients zucchini is claimed to be very helpful in decreasing benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms.Prevents Diseases Your overall health can for certain improve if you consume zucchini frequently.It helps forestall all types of diseases in an exceedingly commonplace sense. Studies have already declared that fiber-rich foods facilitate alleviate cancer conditions by laundry away cancer-causing toxins from cells at bottom the colon. The ascorbic acid, folate, and carotenoid in zucchini facilitate to safeguard these cells from the destructive chemicals that may result in carcinoma. carotenoid and ascorbic acid even have medicine properties, thereby naturally solidifica tion ailments like arthritis, asthma, and arthritis, wherever swelling is vastly painful.The copper proportion in it conjointly helps in reducing the symptoms of arthritis.Protects vascular system It is made in organic process worth, particularly throughout the summer, once it delivers infinite benefits to the body. The food ranking systems in zucchini-rich countries have declared that this squash has extensive levels of metal and ascorbic acid that facilitate to stay the center robust.During the analysis, most of those nutrients were found effective within the bar of diabetic cardiovascular disease and induration of the arteries. The metallic element content notably reduces the danger of heart attacks and strokes. together with K, metallic element conjointly helps in reducing high force per unit area.The ascorbic acid and carotenoid found in summer squash facilitate in preventing the oxidization of cholesterol. change cholesterin builds au courant vas walls, however these nutrien ts cut back the event of induration of the arteries. The nourishment B-complex vitamin is needed by the body to eliminate associate dangerous metabolic byproduct known as homocysteine, which may lead to attack and stroke if the degree rise too high.Its fiber content lowers high cholesterin levels additionally, thereby serving to to scale back the danger of induration of the arteries and heart diseases thanks to polygenic disease.Immunity Our body USuallyis often actively engaged within the defense against several microorganisms that may hurt us. At times, this process gets weak, and would possibly want reinforcements. feeding foods made in antioxidants like ascorbic acid will spike our system, and obtain it up and dealing like neer before.Zucchini is one food that may give you with vital doses of this nourishment.Vitamin C acts to spice up resistivity by stimulating the assembly of white blood cells. These cells square measure concerned in protective our system against invasive h armful microorganisms like viruses and microorganism. ascorbic acid conjointly helps fight the activities of free radicals, whose interaction with different body cells might lead to neoplasm growth.Zucchinis BenefitsZucchini belongs to the Cucurbita pepo species that was the topic of associate India-based study. because it seems, this species of summer squash protects against the event of lesion of the abdomen and also the small intestine, that is that the section of the little viscus that connects it to the abdomen. within the study, same ulcers were elicited in laboratory rats by giving them Empirin. once fourteen days of administering the extract of ripe Cucurbita pepo, membrane thickening of the abdomen and duodemun was determined, confirming the gastroduodenum-protective and overall anti-ulcerogenic mechanism of Cucurbita pepo.Squash has conjointly been found to contain measurable amounts of cellulose, a sort of sugar that shows potential for dietary medical aid for polygenic d isease. The dicot genus species of squash, of that zucchini belongs to, has been studied in Slovak Republic, and its been found that the cellulose during this species of squash has medicinal drug set up. within the study, coughing was elicited in guinea pigs by administering acid. Afterwards, cellulose polysaccharides got orally to the themes and their coughing reflex remittent. The results were then compared to the medicinal drug effects of pain pill, a sort of narcotic, and cellulose polysaccharides had comparable, and in some cases even higher cough-suppressing activity than pain pill.Phytonutrients square measure extensive in zucchini additionally and continuing analysis has brought forth discovery of assorted phytochemicals gift in Cucurbita pepo. These compounds have shown multi-targeted bar of cancer by scavenging and killing free radicals and preventing continuing inflammation additionally.Zucchinis RisksZucchini has oxalates, compounds that naturally occur in our body and that tend to crystallize once in excess amounts. people with impaired urinary organ and vesica functions should initial visit their doctors before incorporating zucchini in their diet to avoid exasperating their several medical conditions.Zucchini is one in all the fifty dollar bill fruits and vegetables with dreadful levels of insecticide residue additionally, this per the Environmental social unit. Minimizing exposure to petrochemicals is crucial as its been shown to create birth defects and varied sicknesses like cancer.CultivationSow seeds in pots reservoir may be seeded in pots from March to the top of might. Fill a 7.5cm (3in) pot with compost and firm gently.Sow a seed vertically two.5cm (1in) enigmatical and canopy. Label, water and place in an exceedingly propagator or on a sill.When roots begin to point out through very cheap of the pot, place into a twelve.5cm (5in) instrumentality. Plant out into growing baggage, soil or an outsized pot in late spring or early summer. Sow seeds in soilSeed may be seeded directly into the soil from late-May to early summer.Choose a sunny, secure spot and improve the soil by dig in some well-rotted manure or compost.Sow 2 seeds on their aspect two.5cm (1in) deep and once the seedlings have germinated, remove the weakest one.AftercarePlenty of water is important, particularly once the plants square measure in flower and so once the fruits have began to swell. Mulch to lock in wet.If you dig in lots of manure before planting, further feeding is faineant on significant, fertile soil.On sandy or lightweight soil, regular drenches with a liquid feed can facilitate boost production.Harvesting and storehouseTo keep plants productive you would like to reap courgettes regarding thrice every week at the peak of the season.The correct size to choose depends on selection, however as a rule, harvest courgettes once they are 10cm (4in).Use a pointy knife to sever the fruit from the plant. Courgettes square measure best eaten r ecent or may be keep for a number of days within the refrigerator.Squashes square measure a lot of variable in form and size, thus browse the seed packet for gathering and storage info.Marrows square measure typically thought of to be courgettes adult giant, and need constant growing conditions.When growing marrows, harvest frequently once they are 20cm (8in) long, or leave them to mature for winter use.Marrows may be keep for a protracted amount of your time if unbroken at a temperature between seven.5C to 10C (45F to 50F).

Presentation of John Proctor Essay

Arthur Millers presentation of John Proctors clean-living journey.It is mentioned in the Old Testament (Exodus 2218), Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. It was on the authority of this one sentence in the Bible that 19 witches were hanged in capital of Oregon in 1692.To Arthur Miller, the McCarthy Hearings bore an alarming resemblance to the trials in Salem in 1692. The Crucible was his way of trying to accommodate history from repeating itself.McCarthy claimed America was in great danger from a Communist conspiracy to take over the world, and the people of Salem had similar views on Witchcraft. No one missed the par each(prenominal)els between 1692 Salem and 1953 America. But, many state, Witches never did exist, then or now. Communists are real. Some critics complained that the play was too cold and intellectual. Others said it wasnt a play at all, but some kind of outburst, a political speech.Moral- of or relating to quality and human behaviour, particularly as regards to decently and wrong.Journey- a travelling or going from one place to another.Everybody, including John Proctor, has morals. They are an essential distinction of char moulder. Everybodys morals will differ, as it is your separate opinion of right and wrong. As a child you are taught right and wrong by your parents and at this moment you embark on your moral journey. throughout life certain events will change the way you think your opinion on certain matters, and inevitably, your morals. This evolution of character is not however a stringently long-term process that takes years of unforgettable proceedings and experiences to alter. Single events and circumstances potful externalise your morals change instantaneously and it is consequently interesting to see how this applies to John Proctor and to scrutinise on how his morals change and develop in the midst of the bizarre course of events.Arthur Miller creates a very theocratic and puritan society when portraying Salem. The society and community of Salem orientates entirely around the church. The community has very strict religious views and ethics, and does not believe in any other way or possible system. The people of Salem are restrained by religious laws imposed by strict traditionalistic leaders who, through the church have been given power and control over the society and enforce it through hellfire teachings and the prevailing threat that idol is watching them. No one dares to say an ungodly word against the church or speak their take mind and this creates a very tense and tense ambience where everybody fears for themselves to be corrupted in their possess mind and commit and incriminating thought, though they know only to well that the realms of their mind are equitable about the only place of safe freedom of opinion.Though the majority of the people of Salem are content and tolerant with their situation a reserved minority are not. These people however, would never stand up and declare their tru e beliefs and intent for fear of being hung. It appears that something has to give in this unsustainable situation and a single spark or event could set of a devastating mle of carnage and mayhem.John Proctor is the main character in the play of The Crucible. At the outset of the play, he does not appear to be a central character, but as the story develops, one can see that the importance of his existence and the reason behind his presence are soon made known.John Proctor is a farmer in his set thirties. He is not a man of any real authority or weight but Proctor need not be and is none the less respected and even feared in Salem.Even-tempered and not easily led he has a sharp and biting way with hypocrites. He cannot stand firm support to partisans without drawing their deepest resentment. In Proctors presence a fool felt his foolishness instantly and Proctor was always marked for hatchet job therefore. However, the steady manner he displays is an inimitable front to hide his tro ubled soul. Proctor is a sinner, not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct. He is god at containing and suppressing this and the man carries a distinct quiet confidence and an unexpressed hidden force.Deep inside his own mind however he is afraid, afraid of dying without confessing his sins and that his wife will not forgive him for his sins. Proctor is confused and a closer look shows that what he really desires is not his wifes forgiveness but his own acceptance and consequential self-forgiveness of the sins that he is only too cognisant of.Proctor is a man of strong opinion he has many morals and views, and is not afraid to speak out against a cause he disagrees with. One such(prenominal) cause is the church and the authority of the reverend Paris, Proctor is quite blunt in expressing his disapproval and at one-point states, while in front of Paris, I identical not the smell of this authority.For a man like Proctor the situatio n in this society is far from idyllic. His morals are undistinguished, and he is aware of the mental confusion and repression being created.Miller uses a number of devices within his play-script to present the character of John Proctor. Using Proctor himself Miller portrays his character by using Proctors speech, fears and how he behaves. Other characters in the play also help to define the farmers character, by their speech, thoughts and behaviour which all change as the play progresses.Miller deliberately puts Proctor in scenes and situations that will cause discomfort and uneasiness for the farmer, like the courtroom scenes in act three where Elizabeth lies. It is Proctors conversations with Abigail however that heightens Proctors sense of embarrassment. In a society as restrained and suppressed as Salem it is surprising to note the free speech of Abigail. She is often blunt and persuasive to people of authority and it is a wonder that they never pick up on her allusion.It is thi s allusion that infuriates Proctor as only he can see through it and he is frustrated and discouraged by the power she resultantly gains. Juxtaposed with Elizabeths damaging perception of Proctors sins it is visibly demonstrated that Miller is deliberately making things hard for Proctor.It seems that Miller is out to get Proctor just as much as Parris is and throughout the whole play Miller is constantly showing and presenting scenes and situations in a thorny complexion for Proctor that maximises every hazard to emphasise his problems with temptation and the moral dilemma that this creates for the, as Miller would present, fallen man.

Mktg 205 Unit 4 Ip Principles of Marketing

Carrie Cunnien Ameri bath Intercontinental University unit 4 idiosyncratic Project MKTG 205 Principles of grocery placeing defraud This is a single paragraph, no indentation is required. The next page go forth be an abstract a brief, comprehensive summary of the studys of the article it allows the readers to check out the contents of an article quickly (Publication Manual, 2010). The length of this abstract should be 35-50 voice communication (2-3 sentences). NOTE the abstract must be on page 2 and the corpse of the paper entrust begin on page 3. Introduction Remember to al slipway indent the first caudex of a paragraph ( apply the tab key).The mental home should be short (2-3 sentences). The margins, font size, spacing, and font sluicet (italics or plain) argon set in APA format. While you may change the names of the headings and subheadings, do non change the font or style of font. Definition of selling This content comes from the unit of measurement 1 Discussi on Board. Be legitimate to include the required citations and fit the sources to the reference advert. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. What is the definition of marting?My definition is basically, what customers motivation, when they want it, where they want it, and at a legal injury they argon can afford to pay. Well I soon found out that every unity has their own paying back on the definition of merchandiseing. These three I felt up were the lift out because they made the definitions easy enough for me to gr asp what exactly marketing means. The first source I used was from our text book Marketing star-tenth edition by Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011), their definition of marketing is it focuses on assessing and satisfying the take ins of consumers. The second source was from Marketing. 2005), In International cyclopaedia of Hospitality Management, they claim marketing is the dissemination of ideas, greats, and services. The last source I used was marketing. (2003), In The Macmillan Encyclopedia, their definition is a market of goods and services which is part of the marketing mix. This consists of quadruple parameters packaging, result, pricing and place. They as well as feel that a gild requisites to keep up on the times and change their crops to the consumers ask. This is the ultimate goal of all marketers and their companies. Introduction of all overlap/ServiceThis content comes from the Unit 1 Discussion Board. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. The corporation that I chose to do my research on is hot chocolate Bar Food and Agriculture Candy Manufacturing Herseys Candy Compevery. I chose this company for rough reasons because they atomic number 18 able to support a intersection that can satisfy just about every person out in that respect in the world. They have glaze over for every type of person imaginable.They have a anatomy of products for the chocoholics, wellness fanatics, and baking fanatics. These be all people that they promote their products to. found on your definition, analyze whether the company should be considered good marketers or not. I would say that this company is definitely earned its reputation as a good marketer. They always find new ways to keep their loyal customers to keep orgasm back for more and more. Also the company has been around since 1894 and has been growing chill out ever since. I think this speaks volumes of how well they promote their products.They listen to customer needs and wants and develop new ideas constantly. Which I believe are all elements of a great marketer. They as well have their products world-wide which consists of 90 different countries. With Milton Hersey the fo below of the Hersey caller-out is experiencen for his humanitarian services like the school for orphans, creating a community and accommodate for all its 12,000 plus employees and executives match to, Milton S. Hershey The Man and His Legacy/ The Hershey go with. Situation compendium Marketing Environment Forces Impacting Product/Service This content comes from the Unit 1 unmarried Project.Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. Market Force 1 interpretation and Analysis of impact on product/service The technological environment changes rapidly, and provides a square tool for, marketers, consumers, and manufacturers. This age of information makes it possible for almost anyone to receive, or send information quickly according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).This information is not limited to text, and it may include pictures, graphics, obtain options, and the ability to provi de custom strikeions for a soldiers of products. For the savvy marketers at the Hershey partnership this opens the door to a wide variety of consumers. Market Force 2 Description and Analysis of impact on product/service The economic environment plays a large role in marketing according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). The economic environment force is the income, expenditures and resources that affect the cost of rail a business and household, according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).The impact this has on the Hersey corporation is keeping monetary values affordable and production costs down. Market Force 3 Description and Analysis of impact on product/service In addition the social environment is the demographic characteristics of the population and its values, according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Also changes in this force can have a dramatic impact on marketing strategies, for example the obesity epidemic in America has caused consumers to convert to level-headed eating habits. This variety has resulted in a reduction of confections consumed by slightly families.With the consumers eye on how corporations operate Hersheys marketers must be ever vigilant to ensure the companys reputation remains positive. If a corporation is seen as having less than acceptable business practices consumers may decide to spend their money elsewhere Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Strategies to outperform the Threats Some of the technologies strategies that the Hersheys Company needs to overcome are a rapid exchange of information which allows consumers the opportunity to quickly spread news of any unsatisfactory experience or transaction they may have endured with the Hershey Company.Further once a negative incident is noted it has the ability to snowball as it is passed in front from one consumer to another. The economic strategies The Hersheys Company needs to overcome are given the state of the current economy consumers are less likely to barter for luxury goods. While chocolate proscribe are an inexpensive item consumers give consideration to their choices. With the wide variety of chocolate bars available mercenary exposure to consumers must be consistent and of high calibre (Mitchell, 2008).The social strategies that the Hersheys Company needs to overcome is having a responsibility to educate consumers on how candy store can be a part of a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Strategies to Capitalize on the Opportunities The technology strategy that Hersheys Company capitalized on was commercials and television ads that are high in quality and that have catchy tunes and providing technical support and expertise to organizations such as the macrocosm Cocoa Foundation and the United States Food and Drug Administration, according to the Hersheys Company website, (2009).On the social side the Hershey Companies strategies to capitalize on certain opportunities where, given the concerns of families of the health reflexion of the Hersheys candy they capitalized on this by responding to these concerns with sugar-free versions of some of our most popular products as well as bit-size and individually wrapped miniature items (most infra 100 calories per piece) to enable portion control that meets the dietary needs of consumers, according to the Hersheys Company website, (2009). In addition, we are involved in several efforts to promote healthy eating habits, weight control and exercise.They not only see to it that the community gets educated but also gives back to the community where they live and run short by doing this they gain their support which enables them to succeed. On the social force, Hershey has responded to these concerns with sugar-free versions of some of our most popular products as well as snack-size and individually wrapped miniature items (most under 100 calories per piece) to enable portion control that meets the dietary needs of consumers according to the Hersheys Company website, (2009).In addition, we are involved in several efforts to promote healthy eating habits, weight control and exercise. Marketing dodge Target Market(s) & Positioning This content comes from the Unit 2 Discussion Board and Individual Project. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 2 grading, those should be made with this submission. There are five stages a leverager passes through when they make choices about which products and services to buy. They are the first stage which is problem recognition, which means perceiving a need.The second stage called the information search is when you taste out the value of a purchase. The third stage is called the alternative evaluation and this is when a consumer assesses the value of a product. The fourth stage is when a consumer decides to make the final examination purchase decision and what the get value would be. The last stage called the postpurchase behavior is when a consumer decides what the value in the consumption or use of a product would be if they indulged in the product and made the purchase, according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. 2011). These are all stage in which a consumer finds themselves in when they decide to make that purchase. It is these actions that they give take in purchasing and using products and services. Out of the four factors influencing buyer behavior cultural, social, ad hominem and psychological I decided that for the Hersheys candy it would be personal and social. The reason I say this is because chocolate is a personal preference. It is what a person sees in the product that gets their attention and makes them want to buy that item.The social aspect of the Hersheys candy bar is also this behavior because income level and consumption habits are major parts to the social class. Not to mention the harm is two-a-penny enough for them to indulge in a chocolate candy bar. In today s market there is a need for healthier products in which Hersheys has come through on. They have quit a few healthy products that better their chances of the consumer buying not only for themselves but also the family as well. For Hersheys they use all different ads to appeal to all types of generations. For instance at Christmas they leave run ads that target parents and children.The parents because they are the ones that lead purchase the items and the children are the ones that will say what they like the outdo and that will be based on what ad they feel caught their mind and make them want to have that preferably of a different item. Also Halloween, Easter, Valentines and the summer time, (such as parades) are all hot times for marketers to really step up to the plate and out let the competitors for the consumers to want to buy their products because the volume in candy gross sales at this time are extremely high. According to Almond, S. (2009) he eels that with the econo my in a slump this is when consumers will buy more chocolate than any other time because apparently there is nothing more soothing to a financially insecure than a candy bar because it is cheap and a quick fix when a person is hungry. Statics have found that in recent eras of belief the economic turmoil the consumers crave is the luxury of cheap sweets. Marketers and company officials understand that it is not always possible to charm everyone all the time in the homogeneous way. Further different convocations or market segments require different relationships.This is to say that while some shoppers will be delighted with coupons or contest type promotions others would prefer free shipping or discounts for bulk purchases. In an effort to please both groups different approaches are used to present products, in ways and places that appeal to each group. With this in mind marketers zero in on customers in particular groups with the intention of presenting products and service in a w ay that best suits the particular group. This practice is known as market segmentation according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).Additionally few companies have the capacity or desire to provide truly particular(a) products and service to everyone on every occasion. The process of segmentation enables marketers and companies to pinpoint consumers needs or desires. Segmentation does not necessarily eliminate some consumers kind of it enables the marketer to reach them in a different way according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Segmentation bases that may be doughable for Hersheys chocolate bars are geographic, demographic, and psychographic. Geographic factors will be most relevant in the international markets and the business markets.In general Geographics are not relevant to the sales of Hersheys chocolate bars. Except of course in the cities where the Hershey Company operates manufacturing plants. Demographics will have relevance based on who is doing the shopping, and how tight the budget is. Psychographics may indicate the most profitable choice for market segmentation in the case of Hersheys chocolate bars, according to the Hersheys Companys website. Also some lifestyles and personalities have an aversion to consuming chocolate the marketers efforts are better used elsewhere.Additionally because some lifestyles and personalitys include pleasure in the simple things segmentation by psychographics can separate these two groups according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Consumer buying behavior begins with how a product is marketed. Marketing includes the product itself, the price of the product, the products availability, and how and where the product is offered according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). If a consumer feels that a product is too expensive or difficult to find many a(prenominal) consumers will turn elsewhere for comparative products.Additionally if a consumer is not excited by the appearance of the product, or plea sed with the way it is presented these consumers are likely to look for alternatives. Other factors that affect buying behavior are the social and cultural environment that consumers live and pass in, along with the consumers personal and psychological feelings. from each one potential costumer is an individual, however buyers are members of groups and these groups affect buying decisions, sometimes subtly sometimes not. Further each individual is likely a member of several groups.Groups include family, friends, neighborhoods, religious affiliations, and others including nationalities according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Furthermore how the market appeals to these groups is paramount in some buying decisions. If a group places importance on a specific product the group members are apt to purchase that product or something similar at some point. The final purchase comes about due to a number of reasons. First the repeated exposure to it enforces a need for it, and then i t becomes profit that the product is superior because everyone likes it and keeps using it.Finally the consumer decides they are able to afford it based on the fact that other members in the group were able to buy it. Furthermore there are consumers who will buy the Hershey bar regardless of the price just because they are loyal consumers of Hershey products. Then there are consumers who will buy the chocolate bar that costs less or the chocolate bar that first catches their attention. The wise marketer understands that no one factor effects buying decisions all the time, but several factors work together within the consumer to create final buying decisions. agate line to business marketing. Geographically verbalise the Hershey Company will target their marketing strategy to business owners who operate or supply concessions or vending machines, along with grocery stores, and various retailers who transmit snack intellectual nourishments. Local Business owners. These business own ers will likely purchase the products in large quantities and with some regularity. Foreign Markets. In foreign markets this approach eliminates the need to reach individual consumers and allows the local retailers to market the Hershey bar in ways they know will reach their customers.Demographics. When thinking in terms of demographics the target market for Hersheys Chocolate bars might be parents who are of average income, and have one or more children. Age. 25 45. This target market will be profitable if the marketer remembers to market to the parent while embracing the family as a unit. Gender. Males and females are likely to be the main shoppers in many households these shoppers are the target market in this segment. Income. $25,000+ per year.Hersheys chocolate bars are a convenience item and something of a luxury, persons with incomes lower than $25,000 per year are not likely to be regular consumers of luxury food products. Psychographics. Psychographic market segmentation w ill provide a target market of fun loving, able people who embody a sense of enjoying every moment of life. Subscribe to Family Circle Magazine and the Disney Channel This market segment has the potential to produce a growing population of loyal Hersheys customers. Frequent amusement parks, county fairs, and childrens sports activities.This group will purchase Hersheys chocolate for the pure joy of it, and will most likely introduce Hersheys chocolate to their friends and family. According to the go up New Strategy, (2006), reports on the corporate strategy being employed by Nestle Corp. The company is planning to reorganize so that its wide product shed can adapt to dynamic emerging markets. The company is aware on the need to calibrate their business strategy despite 20. 7% rise in net profits in 2005. Nestle is repositioning its products towards nutrition, health and wellness.The company also plans to build a new facility in Brazil to manufacture goods for low-income populatio ns. The mar Corporation positioning in the market consists of being the first confectionery company in the US to voluntarily implement Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) nutrition labeling on all of its chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery and other food products. whole packages will be redesigned to feature new graphics on the front and back of packages, which contain consumer-friendly, clear and easy to understand nutrition information that will help consumers make informed choices at the point of purchase.This announcement is part of a global initiative Mars is undertaking around the world. Our redesigned labels are the up-to-the-minute examples of Mars commitment to health and nutrition. By providing clear, concise and understandable information to consumers about whats inside all of our products, we will help them to make informed decisions about the foods they eat, according to Bob Gamgort, president of Mars North America, (2008) We make every effort to go beyond what is expecte d of a global food company. The product that the Hershey Company has competitive advantage over Mars and Nestle is the fact that they target the older generation with smaller bit size candies. The reasoning for this is because they are targeted them with the familiarity that smaller is healthier and less calories because the pieces are bit size. Not to mention an adult will consume less because they are more conscious of what they are putting in their mouths than say children and younger adults will. Another advantage that the Hersheys Company has over other competitors is it is now targeting consumers that want a snack that is a 100 Calorie Bar and healthy.Hersheys has come out with exactly those kinds of items such as York Peppermint, Wafer Bars, Reeses Peanut Butter Wafer Bars, Hersheys Pretzel Bars, Hersheys Special Dark Chocolate Bars, Hersheys natty Wafer Bars, Hersheys Whipped Vanilla Bars, which is more than any of the competitors have out in this category, according to th e Hersheys Company website. The Hershey Company will build their value proposition on product and image. The Hershey Company uses a value proposition of more for the same as stated by Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011).To familys who want time together and a taste of the good life Hersheys Chocolate will evoke the sweetest memories and help create new ones. Product/Service Overview and Strategies to Consider This content comes from the Unit 3 Discussion Board. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 3 grading, those should be made with this submission. The Hersheys Chocolate bar is classified as a convenience product. Products classified as convenience products are generally inexpensive and easy to find.In order to market convenience products successfully marketers must ensure that prices remain low or equivalent to competitors prices. Additionally the products must be of consistent quality a nd packaged attractively. This author preferred the older type packaging with the chocolate wrapped in foil and slipped in to a paper sleeve. However it is clear there is a need for secure wrapping with one fully sealed package. This new packaging seems difficult to open without damaging the perfect pulp of the chocolate bar but it cannot be tampered with as easily as it could have been with the previous wrapping.This is evidence that the Hershey Company is paying attention to what consumers need even when convenience must be secondary in order to ensure product safety. When marketing the Hersheys chocolate bar some important factors in addition to packaging are how to promote the Hershey brand, labels that identify Hershey products, where Hershey products will be sold, and how Hersheys products will be displayed in retail locations. For example with convenience foods the items at eye level or within easy reach are more likely to be purchased than the same type of item on a high sh elf or a low shelf.This simple placement can make a large difference in total sales over a period of time. The marketing strategies in use with the Hershey chocolate bar are to offer more for the same. This can be accomplished with a combination of great tasting chocolate at a reasonable price, prominent placement on store shelves, and providing clear indications that our products are Hersheys products. Everyone knows that a Hershey bar is a Hersheys product but how many people know who produces snickers or MMs? Pricing Strategy This content comes from the Unit 4 Discussion Board.Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 4 grading, those should be made with the Unit 5 Individual Project submission. When pricing Hersheys chocolate bars marketers must consider several factors. Consumers expectations of the chocolate can in a flash affect the price. For example Hersheys promises a bit of happin ess with each bite. On the other hand Godiva chocolates appear to be a cut preceding(prenominal) the average chocolate bar, and because of this expectation for something special Godiva chocolates sell at higher price. Another factor to consider is the actual cost to produce the chocolate bar. The price should cover the cost of production, overhead, and dispersal and still allow for a viable profit margin. Also important when determining a price is the competition. It is important to know what comparable products such as nestles crunch or MMs are selling for. This knowledge allows Hershey to offer their candy at the highest price the target market will pay, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius. (2011).The pricing method I would use for the Hersheys chocolate bar is cost based pricing with a target profit scale. While this method does not take into account consumer demand or value assessments, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius. (2011). In the case of chocolate bars it seems the best choice. In general people who want a chocolate bar expect only fresh candy that tastes great, no more and no less. Therefore the products value is in the taste and freshness, and this can be delivered by following a fixed schedule, which works well with a target profit approach.Further Product Mixed Pricing with an emphasis on Product Line Pricing will allow the candy maker to offer a variety of products in an array of sizes, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius. (2011). For example the Hershey bar comes in at least three sizes and is available with or without nuts. This variety can meet the needs of those who wish to share and those who do not while allowing for price differences to offset packaging and handling requirements. dispersion Channels This content comes from the Unit 3 Individual Project. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list.If your instructor suggested updates in the week 3 grading, those should be made with this su bmission. Overview of Distribution Channels guide distribution is a model used by organizations to move products from production to buyer without the use of wholesalers and retailers, according to Business vocabulary. com. By eliminating the number of parties involved in the distribution process, significant savings can be realized. An organization using cipher distribution must sell and distribute that product using their warehouses and sales staff.In mastermind distribution is a chain of intermediaries through which a product moves in order to be made available for purchase by a consumer, according to BusinessDictionary. com. An indirect channel of distribution typically involves a product passing through additional steps as it moves from the manufacturing business via distributors to wholesalers and then retail stores according to Business Directory. com. Overview of Channel giving medications A conventional distribution channel is loosely organized and each channel considers itself separate from the others.This type of distribution channel is not strong and it is unlikely to produce the best value for the consumer, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). A vertical marketing system or VMS is a much stronger distribution system. A VMS includes at least one product manufacturer (or service provider), and a retail or wholesale return. The VMS generally has a leader and the separate channels work together with each channel financial backing the other and forming a unit, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). A horizontal marketing system occurs when two or more companies of affect strength ban together to create a new concept.This new unit may be experimental or long term and may include competitors or other members of a chain of distribution. By joining together these companies are able to provide goods or services in a better way for both the consumer and the companies, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). Multichannel marketi ng systems are becoming more common, and seem to be the best way to market many products or services. Multichannel marketing systems include more than one chain of distribution, and provide many different ways for consumers to acquire the product or service, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011).Analyze Target Markets Needs in Distribution Channels The analyses of the target markets needs for the Hershey Company in the distribution channels would be in nontraditional classes of trade, such as drug stores, convenience stores, wholesale clubs and dollar stores, as well as in channels such as vending, food service and concessions. The target market channels would also be found in retailers, such as convenience stores, Wal-Marts, Targets, and grocery stores according to West, David, (2008).The target market in regards to the customers would be the chocolate lovers such as teens, children, females, and males, with the female population the highest. New target marketers would be t he individuals looking for a low calorie snack with the chocolate taste they crave. Determine Channel Members with Explanation The channel members I would use for the Hersheys Company marketing system would be wholesaler and a retailer. Adding three wholesalers is the most common for low-cost, low unit value items that are frequently purchased by consumers, such as candy, confectionary items, and magazines.Hersheys sells its line of chocolate candy to wholesalers in case quantities, who then break down (sort) the cases so that individual retailers can order in boxes or much smaller quantities, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). The intense distribution would be the most beneficial channel for the Hersheys Company because it is the most used one for products that need to go out to as many outlets as possible. The objective is to place its products within an arms reach of desire. Discuss How Many Channel Members with ExplanationThere are three target market insurance c overage channels that a company can choose to go through for the best target market coverage. The three target markets consist of Intensive Distribution which means a company tries to place its products in as many stores as it possibly can like candy, fast food, newspapers and soft drinks. The second coverage of the target market coverage is called exclusive distribution which is just the opposite of intensive distribution because instead of several outlets this one only goes through one retailer in a geographical area to carry a companys product.This type is usually reserved for specialty products like womens fragrances, men and womens apparel and accessories. The last coverage of the target market coverage is called selective distribution. This coverage is for firms who want to only have a select few retailers to carry its products in a geographical area, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). An example of this coverage would be computer companies like Dell who sells a li mited range of its products to companies like Wal-Mart, Best Buy and Staples.The best coverage that was chosen for The Hersheys Company would be the first coverage which was the Intensive distribution because Hersheys want their products to be everywhere as to compete with the other candy companies. They want their consumers to have it available at arm reach. Every corner, every store, and every outlet they can sell their product. Another requirement to consider in a channel choice is gaining access to channels and intermediaries that satisfy at least some of the interest that buyers might want fulfilled when they purchase a companys product.There are four broad categories which consist of information, convenience, variety, and pre- or postsale service. Out of these four I would recommend the convenience when satisfying buyer requirements because this has multiple meanings for buyers. Such as the driving time to a store which is open 24 hours a day 7 days a week to fulfill their cra vings not to mention the companys benefit by gaining display space. Channel Organization So after everything that we have learned about with channel organizations the best channel organization that I would recommend would be the vertical marketing system or VMS.The reason I chose this channel organization for the Hersheys Company is because it is a much stronger distribution system. It includes at least one product manufacturer (or service provider), and a retail or wholesale outlet. The VMS generally has a leader and the separate channels which work together with each channel supporting the other and forming a unit, according to Kerin, Hartley Rudelius, (2011). Integrated Marketing Communications Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph.Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. Marketers need to remain aware of all communication that is related to their product. Each piece of publ icity or media exposure should combine with the others to enhance the overall product cognitive content. The integrated marketing communications or IMC sets the tone for how the product is perceive and received by the consumer. It is imperative that the message is consistent and in line with the products promised value (Armstrong Kotler, 2009). procession Mix StrategyIntroduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. This author would suggest that the Hershey Company use both a push strategy and a pull strategy with each to be used according to the market segment best serviced by the specific strategy. This is to say that when selling to business and vendors a pull strategy would be most effective. This would allow the sales force to build and plead positive relationships with large scale buyers (Armstrong Kotler, 2009).On the other hand the He rshey Company would benefit with the use of a push strategy when marketing to individual consumers. This technique will allow the Hershey Company to take full advantage of their massive advertising budget, and the consumers will create a demand for the chocolate bar (Armstrong Kotler, 2009). Message Strategy Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject.The Hershey Company is well served with their simple message, Hersheys will stupefy a little bit of happiness into every day. This message is simple yet consistent in all of the Hersheys advertising, and is revealed in many ways which generally include friends or family and always good times. Hersheys takes a soft approach when sending this message and the consumer is made to feel content with the simple pleasure of a little bit of happiness. Promotion utensil 1 Introduce the concept and cite t he resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph.Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. Promotion Tool 1 Advertising The Hershey chocolate bar will be promoted via advertising. This advertising will consists of TV commercials on the Disney channel, Lifetime and the three major networks. Also magazine ads will be placed in Family Circle and Better Homes and Gardens. These areas for advertisement have been selected based on the psychographic data related to the target market. Hersheys message of putting a little bit of happiness in every day will be related by the big smiles and pleasant atmosphere depicted in the photos and commercials.Further the intent of these advertising tools is to remind consumers (Armstrong Kotler, 2009) that the Hershey bar is still the consumers favorite chocolate bar. Promotion Tool 2 Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of t he paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. Direct marketing via the internet will be used to promote Hershey products. On the Hershey websites consumers can purchase custom chocolate bars in orders large or small.Consumers can also send custom gifts for special occasions which are sure to bring a little bit of happiness to any recipient. The excitement of giving or receiving chocolate that has been selected and packaged for someone special is what will keep customers coming back to the website, and encourage new customers to purchase that something special. Promotion Tool 3 Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject.Due to positive public relations the Hershey Company has enjoyed over 100 years of success (Company Profile, 2003). With todays technology and the ability to exchange information rapidly, positive public relations are a necessity. The Hershey Company will continue to operate in a way that enhances communities and leaves a positive impact on places relevant to chocolate production (The Hershey Company, n. d. ). The Hershey company will maintain a website that allows consumers to explore all the ways in which the Hershey company enhances the lives of employees and consumers alike (West, n. d. ). ConclusionAdd some concluding remarks-can be a sentence or two. As you can see marketing the Hersheys chocolate bar is not a simple task. However with careful planning and continued efforts to understand consumers desires the Hershey Chocolate bar will enjoy continued success. References direct distribution. BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved April 06, 2012, from BusinessDictionary. com website http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/direct-distribution. html indirect channel of distribution. BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved April 06, 2012, from BusinessDictionary. com website h ttp//www. businessdictionary. om/definition/indirect-channel-of-distribution. html Kerin, Hartley Rudelius. (2011). Marketing tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY. 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