tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57130725649704059302024-03-08T12:05:12.679-08:008 page research paperJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.comBlogger235125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-5217869253151627962020-09-02T12:46:00.001-07:002020-09-02T12:46:06.521-07:00Significance of Troy in Iliad and Uruk in Gilgamesh Research PaperImportance of Troy in Iliad and Uruk in Gilgamesh - Research Paper Example Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad is key to any investigation of Troy and the Trojans... the Iliadââ¬â¢s significance with the end goal of the book is twofold. To start with, it is the most punctual enduring scholarly portrayal of the Trojans... Besides, the Iliad had a proceeding with impact directly all the way to the finish of the antiquated world. (Erskine, 48) ...nor were the channel and the high divider above it, to/hold the Trojans under tight restraints longer. They had manufactured it to ensure/their boats and had burrowed the channel surrounding it that it may/protect both the boats and the rich crown jewels which they had/taken, yet they had not offered hecatombs to the divine beings. It had/been worked without the assent of the immortals, and in this manner it/didn't last. (Book XII) Troy was worked by the ocean and was ensured by a channel and a strengthened divider. This shows the military quality of Troy and it likewise unequivocal its capacity to assault the adversary from behi nd its dividers. The high dividers of the stronghold invigorated a chance to survey the of the moving toward adversary and a simple method to assault it. Besides, the channel additionally filled in as a significant safeguard instrument to keep the foe out of the city. In spite of the fact that the military may of Troy appeared to be powerful, yet it fell in light of the fact that the divine beings were maybe not content with the individuals. As it was worked without honoring the divine beings or the ââ¬Ëimmortalsââ¬â¢; consequently, it will undoubtedly be wrecked. It focuses towards a significant strict factor in Iliad that urban communities can hold life just with the endorsement of divine beings. ââ¬Å"The grand towers of wide-expanded troyâ⬠(36, Book II) couldn't be spared from torching to remains even with all its military strength.This was not the case some time before, when ââ¬Å"None stands so dear to Jove as holy Troyâ⬠(68, Book IV). Troy was a city that was independent in harvests and farming. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-77180166898281325232020-08-22T15:44:00.001-07:002020-08-22T15:44:03.693-07:00Oscar De La Hoya :: essays research papersOscar De La Hoya is a popular expert fighter. He is known everywhere throughout the world for his looks, ability in the ring and his extraordinary sportsmanship. He is perhaps the best contender in the field of boxing and a decent good example for small kids in the present reality. Individual Oscar De La Hoya lives and was conceived in East Los Angeles, California on February 4, 1973. His folks names are Joel, a previous expert fighter from Durango, Mexico, and Dona Cecilia De La Hoya. His mom, Cecilia, died in her late thirties when bosom malignant growth assaulted her body. Oscar is the most youthful kid in the family. He has a more seasoned sibling name Joel, Jr., and a younger sibling name Maria. As a kid, Oscar never liked battling or any physical games. (Oscar, 1) He never resembled a kind of individual that might want those sort of things. Everytime he got into a battle with another child, he generally ran right away to his home and cried. Wear Joel, his dad didn't think a lot of it. For the fifth or 6th time, be that as it may, Don Joel begun to accept that his child had an issue on the grounds that, not retaliating when assaulted was not really a Mexican custom. So he concluded that the best medication for his disrespect, inside the family, was to carry Oscar to visit a boxing rec center. All things considered, Don Joel himself got a similar medication from his father, who had enclosed Mexico in the beginner positions in the 1930's. (Kawakami, 18) BOXING CAREER Oscar initially observed boxing gloves when he was five years of age. From that point on he was a fighter for his entire life. He began winning grants and trophies when he was eleven years of age. Oscar De La Hoya never attended a university, he completed secondary school furthermore, centered all his vitality around his boxing. As a beginner, De La Hoya spent the early mornings going through the avenues of East Los Angeles to prepare. Oscar De La Hoya, otherwise called " Golden Boy", first caught America's hearts by turning into the main American fighter to win an Olympic Gold Medal at the 1992 summer games. Oscar got his epithet by marketing specialist John Beyrooty presenting him with the name "Golden Boy" at a press gathering. Following a couple of months Oscar won America's as it were gold award. Oscar's expert profession hit the stratosphere in June 11, 1994. (Hoffer, 56) He soar through the expert positions turning out to be the undisputed, undefeated lightweight victor of the world in simply his twenty battles. De La Hoya, earned $9 million dollars for the session and protected his situation as boxing non- - substantial weight whiz. Oscar De La Hoya :: articles inquire about papers Oscar De La Hoya is an acclaimed proficient fighter. He is known everywhere throughout the world for his looks, ability in the ring and his incredible sportsmanship. He is perhaps the best warrior in the field of boxing and a decent good example for small kids in the present reality. Individual Oscar De La Hoya lives and was conceived in East Los Angeles, California on February 4, 1973. His folks names are Joel, a previous expert fighter from Durango, Mexico, and Dona Cecilia De La Hoya. His mom, Cecilia, died in her late thirties when bosom disease assaulted her body. Oscar is the most youthful kid in the family. He has a more seasoned sibling name Joel, Jr., and a younger sibling name Maria. As a kid, Oscar never liked battling or any physical games. (Oscar, 1) He never resembled a sort of individual that might want those sort of things. Everytime he got into a battle with another child, he generally ran right away to his home and cried. Wear Joel, his dad didn't think quite a bit of it. For the fifth or 6th time, be that as it may, Don Joel begun to accept that his child had an issue on the grounds that, not retaliating when assaulted was not really a Mexican custom. So he concluded that the best medication for his disfavor, inside the family, was to carry Oscar to visit a boxing rec center. All things considered, Don Joel himself got a similar medication from his father, who had enclosed Mexico in the beginner positions in the 1930's. (Kawakami, 18) BOXING CAREER Oscar previously observed boxing gloves when he was five years of age. From that point on he was a fighter for his entire life. He began winning grants and trophies when he was eleven years of age. Oscar De La Hoya never headed off to college, he completed secondary school also, centered all his vitality around his boxing. As a beginner, De La Hoya spent the early mornings going through the avenues of East Los Angeles to prepare. Oscar De La Hoya, otherwise called " Golden Boy", first caught America's hearts by turning into the main American fighter to win an Olympic Gold Medal at the 1992 summer games. Oscar got his epithet by marketing specialist John Beyrooty presenting him with the name "Golden Boy" at a press meeting. Following a couple of months Oscar won America's as it were gold decoration. Oscar's expert vocation hit the stratosphere in June 11, 1994. (Hoffer, 56) He soar through the expert positions turning out to be the undisputed, undefeated lightweight boss of the world in simply his twenty battles. De La Hoya, earned $9 million dollars for the session and safeguarded his situation as boxing non- - overwhelming weight genius. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-50232231219140216922020-08-21T13:25:00.001-07:002020-08-21T13:25:32.263-07:00Hackers and the Internet :: Cyberspace EssaysProgrammers and the Internet Web Security covers an expansive rundown of subjects. I have decided to cover programmers and their history. I will experience what hackers' identity is and how we characterize programmers. I will likewise cover the historical backdrop of how programmers began. This was an extremely intriguing theme and may amaze many individuals who have had confusions of what programmers do because of how the are secured by the media. In the 1960ââ¬â¢s at MIT a gathering of inquisitive understudies, individuals from the Tech Model Railroad Club, chose to hack into the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab. Right now programmers were urged to investigate and were not viewed as noxious like the programmers the media depicts today. These gatherings of understudies were permitted access to the MIT AI Lab by the labââ¬â¢s executive Marvin Minsky. In the 1970ââ¬â¢s a pattern began with telephone hacking. Phreaks misuse telephone frameworks to make free significant distance calls. One renowned phreak is John Draper, otherwise called ââ¬Å"Captain Crunchâ⬠, made significant distance calls for nothing by blowing a specific tone in a phone. This tone opened a line on the telephone framework and he had the option to make significant distance calls for nothing. Two names that everybody knows about are Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; these two men of their word established Apple Computer. Be that as it may, what many individuals didn't know is that they were individuals from Homebrew Computer Club. While being individuals from this club they started making ââ¬Å"blue boxesâ⬠, which are gadgets used to help phreaks get to telephone frameworks. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had handles that they were known by and they were ââ¬Å"Berkley Blueâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Oak Toebarkâ⬠. By the late 1980ââ¬â¢s PC hacking had developed so much that a magazine was framed called 2600: The Hacker Quarterly. This magazine shares tips on telephone and PC hacking. The administration reacts to this development by passing the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and framing the Computer Emergency Response Team. This gives the administration greater expert in following wily programmers. This about a similar time that the Media did a great deal of inclusion on Kevin Mitnik, a notable PC programmer who was indicted for taking programming and was condemned to one year in jail. By the 1990 the occurrences were PCs were hacked developed exponentially. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-16839763124899521012020-05-28T17:04:00.001-07:002020-05-28T17:04:02.413-07:00Music Therapys Impact on the Mental Health of Refugees Diagnosed with PTSD - Free Essay Example Music gives a soul to a universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and life to everything. This quote was written by Plato and it reminds myself why music is so important in the world, especially to those who suffer from various diagnoses. Music Therapy is a therapeutic method that incorporates music as a device to help improve both mental and behavioral problems that numerous people are suffering from. I have decided to focus on refugees who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. Many refugees have traumatic experiences associated with war, poverty, political unrest, etc. In this thesis, I will prove that music therapy has a positive impact on the mental health of refugees who are diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Before I discuss experiments that have been performed recently, there has already been previous evidence showing that music therapy was a legitimate trauma treatment. The nervous system plays a role in the idea of music therapy as neurological studies have provided evidence that music listening plays an integral role on numerous areas of the brain. Music therapists believe that with a use of music therapy on a regular basis, patients with diagnosed trauma disorders can eventually improve the ways they deal with their traumatic experiences. This includes the patient learning to contain their experiences and emotions, regulating the arousal they ge t when they think of their traumatic experiences, and being able to incorporate these traumatic experiences as a memory among many that are part of their individual story. There have been several experiments completed to prove that music therapy does generally improve the mental conditions of those refugees who suffer from PTSD. This is the case for both refugee adults and refugee children who have suffered through traumatic events. The first study that I will discuss was carried for eighteen months between the years 2014 and 2015 in The Trauma Clinic for Refugees in the Region Zealand of Denmark. Eligible participants in this study were refugees who had been diagnosed with PTSD by a medical doctor or some other anxiety, somatoform, or personality disorder. Even those with severe cases of PTSD were permitted as long the participant did not require hospitalization. The method used in this study was the use of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). According to the Music and Imagery Association of Australia, Guided Imagery and Music is a psychodynamic therapy that integrates music listening in a relaxed state to stimulate memories, imagery, and feelings to help the client understand life issues from a holistic perspective. The participants of this study received one-hour sessions sixteen times throughout the study timeline. The primary treatment used for these participants was a modification of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music. During these sessions, the music therapists would direct the conversation to a deeper thought before the music is chosen. Then, the therapist would play the music while continuing the deep conversation about inner emotions and the traumatized experience. To conclude, the therapist guides the patient out of the deep dialogue and then process the entire experience. These sessions were adapted and updated to suffice the needs of the patients at hand. This included providing multiple music choices, changing the length of the music listening periods, changing the volume of the music itself, or providing music that participants could use at home between these weekly sessions. All these as well as other adaptions were done for the needs of the refugees sense of stability, safety, and control. This allowed the participants to associate listening to music with a sense of safety, stability, and control even when discussing their traumatic experience. The outcomes of these sessions were measure by was a scale called the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire which had three subscales titled avoidance, hypervigilance and intrusion. Also, after each session the participants scored their satisfaction of each session on a seven-point scale and answered what the most helpful thing was in that session. After analyzing the data, many correlations were observed between changes in trauma symptoms and sleep quality, age, sex, mentalization levels, session helpfulness and the weeks in treatment. Sleep quality was measure three times over the course of the entire study. Generally, sleep quality improved gradually yet most efficiently during the first stage of the study. According to the study, the participants rated their sleep 78% better from before the music therapy to after the music therapy treatment. This is a statement that better clarifies why music therapy positively impacts the mental health of refugees diagnosed with PTSD. Sleep quality is a vital part of mental health and is essential to many daily functions of the brain. A lack of sleep causes changes in mood, potentially more stress, fatigue, etc. Overall in the study, it was shown that the dark emotions and traumatic experiences were subdued by the music therapy as it allowed the participants to cope with all the horrible events in their pasts. Some counterarguments made against the evidence of this study include that it was not a large enough sample size, music choice, translation needed, and possible bias. However, the music choice was adapted to the liking of the participants as many switched the music from western music to music from their homeland. This allowed the participants to truly feel the music during their sessions as it allowed them to connect on a deeper emotional level than music they may not find interesting. Twelve out of the sixteen refugees that participated in this study did not speak the same language, so translators were needed for these participants. The same tra nslator was used for all these individuals and was taught by the music therapists in how to go about presenting the information the therapists were expressing. This smooth connection between the therapists, translator, and participants allowed the participants to fully comprehend the complete experience of a session of Guided Imagery and Music. In this study there was potential bias from the music therapists to persuade the participants to grade highly of the music therapy sessions. However, some participants wrote down that the sessions were not helpful or did nothing to better them. This shows that this study had no bias involved and the results obtained are true and factual. Thus, all the counterarguments against this study do not have evidence to prove that this study is inaccurate or not a well-designed experiment. The authors of this experiment believe that since the results from this study were positive that a certain version of Guided Imagery and Music can be very impactful for those refugees who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The only thing the researchers believe would better support the evidence they obtained in this study is if they had a larger sample size to study. Even though there were not many participants, the evidence shows that music therapy is a legitimate theoretic method for refugees across the globe that suffer from PTSD. The second study I will discuss is about the evaluation of a school-based creative arts therapy Program for adolescents from refugee backgrounds. Many children are forced to move from their homes due to war, political unrest, poverty, etc. Many of these children experience traumatic events throughout their past and are more prone to be diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder than adults. According to the Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center, adolescents and children who are refugees have PTSD rates of 50-90 percent in different areas while adults who are refugees have PTSD rate of 10-40 percent in those same areas. This shows that even more children are impacted by traumatic events and are diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Also, for someone to suffer through a traumatic experience at such a young age can have a huge impact on how they deal with their stress for the rest of their life. Therefore, some schools have created art therapy programs for those childre n who suffer from ranges of trauma based on the experiences they have had. These programs are essential as many students who do not speak the language of the country dont seek help if they are going through dark times in their lives. This arts therapy allows the refugee children to have a better approach to cope with all the emotions inside after experiencing possible horrific events. The study I will be discussing took place at Milpera State High School located in Brisbane, Australia. This high school is a highly intensive English language school and a large proportion of the school are students who are refugees from locations such as the Middle East, East Asia, and Africa. The title of the creative arts program at this school was HEAL, which stands for the Home of Expressive Arts in Learning, and it helps the students deal with emotional, behavioral, and social issues they are dealing with. This program also connects the school with welfare and community organizations to provide t he best practice towards the students of the school. In this study there were forty-two students that participated, and the average age of these participants was approximately fifteen years and five months. These participants engaged in the HEAL program over the course of ten weeks. Three scales were used to measure mental health including a scale for depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. According to the study, some of the music therapy activities used during session included lyric analysis, song-writing, song-parody, instrumental/vocal improvisation (with percussive instruments, drums, keyboards, guitar and vocal sounds), rapping and musical games, learning how to play guitar or keyboard, listening to musical favorites, sharing songs from original culture or religious background, dancing, performance during exit parades and school events. The students of the HEAL program experienced a minimum of one hour of a session each week of the program timeline. Based on the results of the entire HEAL program timeline, the arts therapy created at this school has been proven to positively impact young children who come from refugee backgrounds especially on their emotional and behavioral obstacles. According to the study, one student who went through the entire HEAL program stated, I like HEAL, if I have any feelings they can help me solve my problems. Another student within the program said, I think HEAL helps me to like my new life and to make me remember good things in my mind. I believe that after hearing these two personal responses from students who went through the entire HEAL program, you can tell that these two students were extremely impacted by the therapy they were offered. They felt more comfortable about their emotions after the program and they felt as though they were in a more positive state of mind then compared to before the program. For this study, there were some counterarguments against the evidence obtained including that the sample size was nt larger enough or that the sessions were not the exact same every time for every person. However, even though the sample size wasnt huge many individuals who participated were still affected in a positive way by the HEAL program. This shows that music therapy is a legitimate therapeutic method that can positively impact the mental health of refugees who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The authors of this study believe that their evidence proves art therapy-based programs do improve how these refugee children deal with their trauma and that in the future using a larger sample size will confirm this statement to an even higher degree. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-73900204264573714852020-05-16T11:49:00.001-07:002020-05-16T11:49:04.892-07:00532 - 1892 Words Questioning record N/SVQ / unit â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦532â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Candidate nameâ⬠¦Kelly Neildâ⬠¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Unit Assessor Devised Questions The above is an accurate record of the questioning. Assessor signature â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...Date Internal Verifier signature and date (if sampled): â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Date Questioning record N/SVQ / unit 532 Candidate nameâ⬠¦ â⬠¦Kelly Neildâ⬠¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Unit Assessor Devised Questions 1.1 1.2â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Also monitor and evaluate personal development plans with staff. According to RCN ( royal collage of nursing) there are seven general principles for the supervisor to carry out, 1, staff are to understand what is expected from them. 2, staff must have guidance in their work. 3, good work should always be recognised. 4, poor work deserves constructive criticism. 5, staff should be encouraged to improve themselves. 6, staff should work in a safe environment. 7, staff should have opportunities to show they can accept responsibility. Analyse the importance of managing performance in relation to; GOVERNANCE Social care is a framework for making sure that social care services provide excellent standards of services and aim to exceed these standards. In social care, values, behaviours and decisions are open to scrutiny so it is important to develop safe and affective evidence based practice. Good governance means that we recognise our accountability within residential services. We have a series of policies in place to monitor and evaluate our performance which is governed by the local brough council and we can be spot checked by cqc at anytime. The responsibilities of care governance, the management team will; 1, develop leadership and accountability arrangements. 2, monitor overall performance in relation to care governance. 3, identify and coordinate the inclusion of new legislation and guidelines into existingShow MoreRelatedHrm 5321564 Words à |à 7 PagesRunning Header: Assignment 1: To Organize or Not to Organize? The Mercedes-Benz U.S. Internationalà (MBUSI) is located in Vance, Alabama employs over 4,000 people. This organization has created thousands of others jobs by association in the area and has contributed billions of dollars of other commerce do to its presence in Alabama. This companyââ¬â¢s story began in Alabama in 1997. 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The 50% increase is due to the investor expectations of Inditexââ¬â¢s growth. Inditexââ¬â¢s growth can be contributed to the decisions it has made in creating a vertically integrated centralized process. The centralization of its vertically integrated operations in Europe provided it with its competitive advantage; however, I believe it will also make it fail if it decides to grow substantially into other markets. Financial Analysis compare to competitors In comparing Inditex financial performance against its competitors, it is apparent that Inditex isâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Information Technology: Zara was able to balance convergence and divergence within the company that provided a great platform for its expansion into other countries. They followed standard procedures i n selecting the market that closely resembled the Spanish market, had a minimum level of economic development and relatively easy to enter. The decision of an ââ¬Å"oil-stainâ⬠approach in entering made it easier to scale operations by opening up a flag-ship store to fully understand the local environment and culture, then after additional stores would be added. This is similar to the approach Amazon.com is taking in expanding its operations abroad by targeting easy to enter countries and limiting the amount of categories before expanding. In addition because many of the markets they entered were similar to Spain they were able to use basic/standard designs to make up 85%-90% of the product mix. Zaraââ¬â¢s expansion procedures also left room for customization for each market and store that wasrequired for different cultures and countries. Some of the areas that had to be tailored between countries were the type entry mode (franchised, owned, joint), product mix and offerin gs that fit their market (decided by the store owners), pricing (some countries are more price sensitive like Germany; however, France was more fashion sensitive) and brand positioning (based on purchasing power and taste). Zaraââ¬â¢s open culture amongst headquarters and theShow MoreRelatedZara Case Analysis1872 Words à |à 8 PagesAlbert Sedaghatpour Individual Case Analysis-Zara 7/24/09 Introduction Zara is the flagship chain store of Inditex Group owned by Spanish tycoon Amancio Ortega. The group is located in Spain, where the first Zara store was opened. Zara has opposed the industry-wide trend towards turning fast fashion production to low-cost countries. Possibly its most atypical strategy is its policy of zero advertising; the firm opted to invest a portion of revenues in opening new stores instead. At the end of 2001Read MoreZara Case Study Analysis1858 Words à |à 8 PagesCASE STUDY ANALYSIS: ZARA Name Institution Professor Course Date Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Strategic Issues Underpinning the Buying Decisions at Zara 3 3. Zaraââ¬â¢s Product Mix Strategy: Advantages and Disadvantages 6 4. Conclusion 8 REFERENCES 10 1. Introduction Zara is a successful retail clothing company that expanded over the years due to its elaborate supply chain and excellent product mix strategy. The company established in 1963 opened its first store in 1975Read MoreZara: a Marketing Analysis Case Study5929 Words à |à 24 Pages my organization is ZARA. Based in La Coruna, Spain, Zara is Inditexââ¬â¢s main brand, (Fashion Forward -The Economist, 2012). Founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega Zara now has stores in 73 countries. With estimated annual revenue in excess of 7 billion Euro, Zara has over 1700 stores worldwide, (Wikipedia, 2013). 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The business model of Zara is completely basedRead MoreCase Study Zara Analysis Mis3171 Words à |à 13 PagesTeam ââ¬Å"AnonyMISâ⬠: Julia Winter, Maximilian Philipp Schmidt, Julius Liebrecht, Djaky Agbadou, Nathalie Garro In-Class Case Study: 1 Introduction: Background Information 1.1 Company overview The firm Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Galicia, northern Spain. In 1975, founder Amancio Ortega opened the first store in La Coruna, Spain. Zara is the flagship chain store of the Inditex group (Industria de Diseno Textil), encompassing many self-designed differentRead MoreInnovation in the Supply Chain: Analysis of the Zara Case3796 Words à |à 15 PagesInnovation in the Supply Chain: Analysis of the Zara Case Case Synopsis Zaras mercurial growth as the flagship enterprise of the Inditex Corporation is attributable to the companys expertise in logistics, supply chain management and its highly effective use of tacit, implicit and process-based knowledge. From both an epistemology of possession and practice, Zara has been able to attain formidable competitive differentiation at the process level of their business. This is exemplified in theirRead MoreEssay about Zara Case Analysis1522 Words à |à 7 Pages Zara is a retailing chain of Inditexthat specializes in high-fashion at reasonable prices. In the last 12 months, Inditexââ¬â¢s stock price has increased by 50% despite bearish market conditions. The 50% increase is due to the investor expectations of Inditexââ¬â¢s growth. Inditexââ¬â¢s growth can be contributed to the decisions it has made in creating a vertically integrated centralized process. The centralization of its vertically integrated operations in Europe provided it with its competitive advantage;Read MoreZara Business Model (Case Analysis)2398 Words à |à 10 PagesZara Case Quest 4/5/2011 Done By: Faisal Alsawaihan Zara case Quest What Business is Zara In? 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Financial analysis can accurately determine companyââ¬â¢s performance in the market and its position among its rivals. In additionRead MoreBusiness Analysis Of Zara, The Leading And The Profitable Brand Of Inditex1592 Words à |à 7 PagesExecutive Summary This case paper presents the business analysis of Zara, the leading and the profitable brand of Inditex. The case paperââ¬â¢s objective is to discuss whether to update the current DOS/IT infrastructure and evaluate the effects of the upgrade. It presents the IS implementation opportunities and evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation. It concludes by providing recommendations for updating the current OS along with its advantages. The approach to analysis includes looking into Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-25814227201646987122020-05-05T22:05:00.001-07:002020-05-05T22:05:22.285-07:00Poetry, Figures of speech Essay Example For Students Poetry, Figures of speech Essay The pen is mightier than the sword (pen-?writer; sword-?soldier) KINESTHESIA: sense transference, when you describe one kind of sensation in terms of another (e. G. Smell with color) Tasting of Flora and the country green (taste, smell and color) Of music so delicate, soft and intense (sound with sense) HYPERBOLA: transfer and adjective from its appropriate noun to another to which it does not properly belong The passed a sleepless night (a man can be sleepless, not a night) Melissa shook her doubtful curls (Melissa can be doubtful, not her curls PUN: use a word in more than one sense in the same sentence, mostly homonyms or monopoles for the sake of humor Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man (grave-?serious; grave-?dead) Is life worth living? That depends on the liver (liver-?organ; liver-?person alive) VISION: vividly describe the absent as present to the eye; describe something that you cannot possibly see I see the rural virtues leave the land (virtues cannot be seen) PROLEPSIS: it occurs when future events are referred to as if already past So those two brothers and their murdered man rode past fair Florence (he anticipates that the brothers will kill the man who is riding with them) APOSTROPHE: the writer addresses someone or something not present O Death where is thy sting (he is talking to Death) Fair daffodils, we weep to see you hast away so soon (talking to flowers) PRESUPPOSE: abstract qualities or things are regarded as having the power of speech (similar to personification) The red rose cries, she is near, she is near (roses cannot speak) EMPHASIS HYPERBOLE: exaggeration of ideas, magnification of things beyond their natural bounds or attributing miraculous powers to people for emphasis Beeline smiled and all the world was gay Neptune oceans wash this blood clean from my hand? No. I have waited for eternity CLIMAX: the arrangement of a series of thoughts in increasing impressiveness I came, I saw, I conquered. Pursue him! Flog him! Torture him! Kill him! ANTICLIMAX: the arrangement of a series of thoughts in decreasing impressiveness or a sudden descent from the sublime to the ridiculous Not louder shrieks to pitying heaven are cast when husbands or when lap dogs breath their last (compares mockingly the death of a husband to a dogs) RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: no answer expected because it is assumed that the reader agrees Can the Ethiopians change his skin or the leopard his spots (Ethiopians are lack and leopards are spotted so the answer is obviously NO) Who does not love his country? Obviously everybody does) EXCLAMATION: Oh! Alas! Maybe a word, a phrase, a sentence or a whole passage (!! Marks) expresses strong feelings What a piece or work man is! How noble in reason! CONTRAST IRONY: when the meaning intended is contrary to that apparently expressed (verbal irony or situational irony) Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink (a boat with people adrift in the sea is surrounded by water but they will ironically die of thirst) F or Brutes is an honorable man (he was not, he had murdered Caesar) SARCASM: is meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone We very much admire this authors first novel, the cover is so attractive (meaning the content is not good) What a splendid frame! (said of a picture) ANTITHESIS: contrast is obtained by balancing one idea against another generally emphasized by a parallel in grammatical structure Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven His friends described his courage, his enemies discussed his treachery the lie ( _ _ IQ why EPIGRAM: short witty saying, often satirical, frequently expressed in antithesis. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-23543764681875689822020-04-17T02:43:00.001-07:002020-04-17T02:43:02.773-07:00Unexpected Essays - 9, Steve Andropoulos And Betsy Stewart Unexpected It was a Saturday morning, and I thought it would be a good time to go to the beach with my friends since I had nothing to do for the rest of the week. So I decided to call my best friend Sarah to see if she wanted to drive with me down to the beach Unfortunately, she had a wedding to go to, so she was not able to make it. I was a little disappointed, but I decided to go to the beach by myself. I left home at 3:30 p.m. and arrived at 5:00 p.m. to the beach house. Everything looked the same wa as it did last summer when I came with my sister. The only difference was now I was alone, and that was little scary. The next morning I went to one of my favorite cafes The Italian Coffee. This Cafe held good memories since last summer I worked there. The owners Mr. Roger and Mrs. Roger told me that a job was available if I wanted to work. I thanked them, but e lained that I had other plans for the summer. I told them that the restaurant looked great since it had been renovated. It was very noisy and crowded, yet it had a wonderful atmosphere that customers like. Perhaps, it was the Italian music and the w derful smell of fresh coffee that attracted them. Suddenly a lady came over to my table and asked, '' How are you, Raquel?'' I told her, '' I'm sorry Maam I don't recognize you!. She replied, ''Oooh, Raquel , I'm Elizabeth's aunt''. I said, ''Of course, excuse me''. We started talking about h the place was crowded, and she told me that she had to meet a friend here, but she had not shown up. I told her that it was nice seeing here, but I was expecting a call and I had to go. She promised me she was going to tell Elizabeth to call me so w could get together for lunch soon. When I got home to check the answering machine, the telephone rang. It was mom. She said that Sarah was planning to come Monday, and if I needed anything to give her a call. I thanked her and said,'' You are not going to believe where I just came fr ?. She quickly replied, ''Don't even ask it '' The Italian Coffee''. '' You are right '' I giggled. '' The Rogers are doing great, working like crazy trying to make everything perfect '', I added. She said, '' Honey, I'll give you a call Friday n ht OK!. Good bye!''. So far my day was going great. I sat down and watched MTV. It was a re-run of '' The Real World''. I quickly fell asleep on the couch for two hours and was awakened by the door bell. It was Claudia Roger explaining that her mother had told her that was in town, so she decided to drop by. I told her , '' I'm glad you came by. Are you doing anything for lunch?''. When Claudia told me that she was available, we decided to go to the Dixie to get a cheese burger. On the way to the Dixie , we made a quick stoop by the shoe store to ask Mr. Edwards to tell his daughter that I was going to meet her at 5 o'clock so we could play volley ball with my friends. Mr. Edwards was concerned because he had eard rumors about a kidnapper in town. Since Elizabeth and I were running late , we didn't really pay munch attention to what he was saying. When we got home, Claudia left to go to work. Feeling in the mood for going to the beach, I packed all my th gs and drove there. When I got to the beach I couldn't find my friends, so I grabbed a magazine and all of the sudden felt asleep. Waking from my nap, I had a premonition that something bad was going to happen. I went back to the shoe store in the mall to tell Mr. Edwa s that I didn't see his daughter down at the beach. He didn't know where she was either. He became hysterical and decided to close the store for the rest of the day. We decided to search the whole area including the mall first, but we couldn't find r . We called the police Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-63493952675575720652020-03-13T15:12:00.001-07:002020-03-13T15:12:02.352-07:00How to Say Hello in Mandarin ChineseHow to Say Hello in Mandarin Chinese The first step to starting a conversation in Mandarin Chinese is to say hello! Learn how to greet people in Mandarin Chinese with the help of audio files to ensure your pronunciation is correct. Audio links are marked with ââ" º. Characters The Chinese phrase for hello is made of two characters: ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ ââ" ºnà à hÃŽo. The first character ä ½ (nà ) means you. The second character Ã¥ ¥ ½ (hÃŽo) means good. Thus, the literal translation of ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nà hÃŽo) is you good.à Pronunciation Note that Mandarin Chinese uses four tones. The tones used in ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ are two third tones. When 2 first tone characters are placed next to each other, the tones slightly change. The first character is pronounced as a rising tone second tone, while the second character shifts into a low, dipping tone. Informal vs Formal Use ä ½ (à ) is the informal form of you and is used for greeting friends and associates. The formal you is æ⠨ (nà n). Thus, the formal form of hello is ââ" ºnà n hÃŽo - æ⠨å ¥ ½.à æ⠨å ¥ ½(nà n hÃŽo) is used when speaking to superiors, people in authority, and elders. The more casual ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nà hÃŽo) should be used when speaking to friends, colleagues, and children.à China Taiwan The use of æ⠨å ¥ ½ (nà n hÃŽo) is more common in Mainland China than in Taiwan. The informal ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nà hÃŽo) is the most common greeting in Taiwan, no matter what the rank of the person you are addressing. You may also be wondering why there are two Chinese written versions of this phrase: ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â"Ž and ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â". The first version is in traditional characters which are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and many overseas Chinese communities. The second version is simplified characters, the official writing system in Mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. How Are You? You can extend ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nà hÃŽo) by adding the question particle Ã¥â"Ž / Ã¥ â" ââ" ºma. The question particle Ã¥â"Ž (traditional form) / Ã¥ â" (simplified form) can be added to the end of sentences and phrases to change them from statements into questions. The literal translation of ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â"Ž? / ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â" (nà hÃŽo ma)? is you good?, which means how are you? This greeting should only be said to close friends or family members. It is not a common greeting for associates or strangers. The answer to ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â"Ž / ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â" (nà hÃŽo ma)? can be: hÃâºn hÃŽo - Ã¥ ¾ËÃ¥ ¥ ½ - very goodbà ¹ hÃŽo - ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½ - not goodhi hÃŽo - éââÃ¥ ¥ ½ / è ¿ËÃ¥ ¥ ½ - so so Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-52106238774928248212020-02-26T05:38:00.001-08:002020-02-26T05:38:02.570-08:00Is the US government acting ethically towards detainees with regards EssayIs the US government acting ethically towards detainees with regards to confinement, access to legal representation, torture methods - Essay Example But the ethical consideration in acting towards detainees with regards to confinement, access to legal representation, torture methods etc remain the most pertinent issues of the contemporary times in America. The widespread cases of in-house torture and in-human treatment of wartime prisoners and civilian detainees have brought to the fore the need for more effective measures of ethical paradigms and human rights. The Guantanamo torture of detainees and Abu Ghraib, unlawful detention of civilians and other such cases expose the human rights violations of American forces and homeland security. The aftermath of 9/11 has brought out ââ¬Ëwar on terrorismââ¬â¢ where torture of innocent has become a by-word for preemptive and preventive actions against future terrorist acts. The post 9/11 scenario has seen a marked paradigm shift in the outlook of the racial and religious background of the people and has especially been traumatic for persons of Moslem origin and Asians. The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands. To safeguard peopleââ¬â¢s interests, new strategies and plans were required to be developed and enforced. US Patriotic Act was amended and renamed ââ¬ËUSA Patriot and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Actââ¬â¢ (USPA). It was made more stringent and extra statutes included with wide ranging terrorists relating offences like deliberate and destructive activity against the state or its people resulting in loss of life or property, money laundering, surveillance and detention of people under suspect of terrorist activities etc. with capital punishment introduced. Jane Mayer asserts that ââ¬ËUnited States made terrible decisions in the pursuit of terrorists around the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-90459411304726824342020-02-09T22:23:00.001-08:002020-02-09T22:23:02.097-08:00CORPORATE FINANCE OVERVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsCORPORATE FINANCE OVERVIEW - Essay Example Even though the company has a secure stream of income from a long term contract, it still bears a default risk, albeit rather small. My estimation of the discount rate has to reflect all this information. It will be definitely higher than discount rate of government securities. d) This security has substantial default risk as the issuing company is a start-up without proven history of operations and no secure stream of income. Therefore, the discount rate will be higher than for the company with secured stream of income (from the previous question). 2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be used to quickly estimate the expected rate of return on a certain security. In an essence, it provides the best guess market can provide for future return on a particular security in a simple but powerful way. It was estimated that nearly 3/4 of financial managers use CAPM to estimate the cost of capital (Brealey, Myers & Allen, 192). CAPM reflects two crucial points. First, investors require extra return for extra risk (as shown in risk premium component). Second, investors are concerned with the risk that they cannot eliminate by diversification (as shown in beta component). Therefore, when used to estimate expected return on a particular security, CAPM accounts for the overall additional risk premium historically required by investors for this type of security (risk premium) and for the systematic risk that this particular security adds to the diversified portfolio (securityââ¬â¢s beta). 3. a) It is possible to estimate net present value of this project rather accurately. Buying new equipment for a factory line at Ford is a part of regular established operations of Ford. Therefore, the expected rate of return estimated for the Ford as a company is appropriate for this particular project. Since Ford is a mature company, with its stock having being traded for many years, its expected rate of return Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-36576858340515488542020-01-30T13:31:00.001-08:002020-01-30T13:31:02.673-08:00Of Water and the Spirit by Malidoma Patrice Somé Essay Example for Free Of Water and the Spirit by Malidoma Patrice Somà © Essay With Of Water and Spirit Malidoma Patrice Some has written a very interesting, engaging autobiography in which he details his life as a man living between two different lifestyles: the traditional life of his people, the Dagara, who live in rural Burkina Faso, the former French Colony known as the Upper Volta, and the life of a highly educated African man with two PhDs who travels throughout the western nations writing, lecturing, and teaching about his people and their relationship between the normal world and the spirit world. According to Some his first name Malidoma means be friends with the stranger/enemy. The Dagara believe a persons name has an affect on the his life so they name their children something that will always remind them of their mission in life. Some, then, is here in the West to tell the world about my people any way I can, and to take back to my people the knowledge I gain about this world (Some 1994, 1). Some was named Patrice when he was baptized by Jesuit priests at the insistence of his father who had converted to Catholicism. The attitude of Some and the Dagara people is very interesting. Instead of feeling hatred against the white men who had colonized the country and basically enslaved the people while stealing their land and resources, the Dagara are concerned about all people, including the white people and are convinced that the West is as endangered as the indigenous cultures it has decimated in the name of colonialism (Some 1994, 1). They believe that western cultures abandonment of functional spiritual values has made the West sick with a sickness of the soul (Some 1994, 1). Some was basically kidnapped from his tribe at the age of four when he was taken away to study at the Jesuit school. At the time the Jesuits were trying create a native missionary force to help in converting the people of Upper Volta. Prior to being kidnapped Some had spent much of his childhood with his grandfather, a great leader of the Dagara. His grandfather taught him many of the stories of the Dagara people, their spiritual beliefs, and their history. Somes grandfather emphasized the close spiritual relationship of the Dagara with the world, the land, and the spirits of their deceased ancestors. The Dagara believe there is an important connection between an individual, his people, his land, and his god. Somes grandfather could not understand the Catholic Churchs attempts at missionary work throughout the world, . . . let me tell you that a God who would send his people away from their land must be drinking a very strong wine all the time (Some 1994, 29). At the time of his death, Somes grandfather told Some that the ancestors had designated Some to follow the white man so that you may serve as the eye of the compound, the ear of your many brothers, and the mouth of your tribe (Some 1994, 40). Somes grandfather also told him that he came back to the tribe he would appear strange to the Dagara, he would only be part Dagara and would have to undergo the month long initiation in the wilderness to become a member of the tribe. Somes time at the Jesuit school was unpleasant. The priests often beat him while they were teaching him as if the beatings would reinforce the lessons and make him confirm to the Jesuit teachings. When he graduated to the seminary school at Nansi he had similar experiences and often found that he lived outside of himself. He would make his thoughts go away from my body so that when the first blow fell, I [he] was not even aware of it (Some 1994, 114). Some resented the way he was treated and found himself rebelling against the method of instruction. This rebellion reached its climax when Some was twenty and became involved in a physical altercation with one of the priests. During the struggle the priest fell through the window and landed in the dirt outside. Consequently, Some ran away from the school to return to his home. His journey home took him eleven days since he was forced to walk the entire way. Ironically, on his journey, Some learned that the country had gained its independence from France in 1960 and such forced schooling had come to an end. Since Some was about four-years-old both when independence occurred and when he was taken away from his people to attend school, he could have returned to his people long before (Some 1994, 153; 99-156). By the time he returned to his village, the Jesuit missionary priests on the hill were gone, although a day school still existed. Once Some was in his home compound, he found he no longer fit it with his people. He had forgotten how to speak the language; the village had changed with independence. His people were not comfortable with him there, nor was he comfortable with them. Consequently the elders decided he should undergo the Baor, the month long initiation, to quiet the white man in your soul . . . so that his soul [would] come back home and . . . stop being a stranger to yourself and to us (Some 1994, 178). Some describes his spiritual initiation in detail and tells how he was able to return to the Dagara. Once he had returned fully to the Dagara, Some found that he was again not comfortable living with his people because he had not yet completed his mission that his grandfather had told him about and that his ancestors had assigned him. Once again it became necessary to leave his people so the he might be friends with the stranger/enemy. This is what Some continues to do today through his writings and lecturing. However, he is careful to return to his home every year to make certain he reconnects with his home and people. Bibliography Some, Malidoma Patrice. Of Water and the Spirit: Ritual, Magic, and Initiation in the Life of an African Shaman. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, A Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam Book, 1994. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-47841205890770498112020-01-22T09:54:00.001-08:002020-01-22T09:54:02.027-08:00They Died With Their Boots On :: essays papersThey Died With Their Boots On Produced in 1943, They Died With Their Boots On, a Warner Brothersà ® film, is a horribly inaccurate account of the events that lead to the Battle of Little Big Horn. His early days in war were depicted accurately, however. Boots told of his experiences at West Pointe; the most important experience is, notably, his graduation. He received the absolute worst scores ever recorded at West Pointe upon his commencement. After that point, it all goes down hill. Custer was also a womanizer, but in this film he was quite a gentlemen, being sure to get Elizabeth Baconââ¬â¢s fatherââ¬â¢s permission for everything the two did together. Custer was displayed as a very sympathetic and warm-hearted general, while he was, in actuality, not such. Custer was known to be rather a large egoist and somewhat of a rude man. Then, for ââ¬Å"dramatic effectâ⬠, filmmakers fabricated a conspiracy that Custerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"enemiesâ⬠concocted to remove him from opposition. His opponents, e xecutives of a large company which he refused a position in, ââ¬Å"liedâ⬠about gold in the Black Hills in order to trick thousands of Americans into violating a peace treaty with the Sioux. The truth: there really WAS gold in the Black Hills. Negro slaves were depicted as goofy and silly, added only for comic effect. One lady in particular danced about singing a rhyme, ââ¬Å"Rabbitââ¬â¢s foot, work your charm, protect that ladyââ¬â¢s man from harm!â⬠after reading the ââ¬Å"tea leavesâ⬠for a friend. The Sioux Indians were also depicted rather inaccurately. They all wore a single feather in the backs of their heads and yipped and hollered just as ââ¬Å"Indiansâ⬠would do. They screamed and beat their hands on their mouths, all the while speaking English in the manner of a five year-old. Finally, the filmââ¬â¢s depiction of Civil War battles, not to mention the battle of Little Big Horn, were laughable. There were twenty, MAYBE thirty men all lined u p on either side of the field, and every time the Union soldiers fought, at least two Confederate soldiers or Indians fell, dead. However, when the opposing side fired or attacked, the Union cavalries were nearly impregnable. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-68102007882265029242020-01-14T06:17:00.001-08:002020-01-14T06:17:03.462-08:00For Understandable Reasons, the Founders of SociologyJessamy Oââ¬â¢Dwyer 18/10/2012 Introduction to Sociology Mark: A- Essay Qs. For understandable reasons, the founders of sociology paid little attention to ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ environmental issuesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. However modern-day sociologists do. Discuss the sociology of the environment in terms of globalisation, consumption and sustainability. Introduction Over the course of this essay I will address the area of environmental sociology in two parts. Firstly, I hope to explain why the field of environmental sociology was not an area of relevance to the founders of sociological thought.Then in the second part of the essay I will go on to discuss the birth of the field of environmental sociology. Within this new subfield sociologists have written at great length about the many environmental issues facing the world today. Many of these issues are overlapping and interconnected. I will address three of these challenges I believe to be most acute; (1) Globalisation, (2) Human consumption , and (3) Sustainability.Sociology in context The founders of Sociology (Marx, Durkheim and Weber) paid little attention to environmental issues because they were not seen as relevant or particularly problematic to society at the time, and therefore were not considered as topics of significance to classical social scientists. Instead they focused on matters such as poverty, stratification, social inequality, class systems, industrial development, religion and government.The detrimental impact of human beings on our natural surroundings were not yet acknowledged and the ââ¬Å"natural landscape was taken for granted, simply as the backdrop to the much more pressing and urgent social problems generated by industrial capitalismâ⬠(Gliddenââ¬â¢s, 2007). The Emergence of Environmental Sociology It wasnââ¬â¢t until the late 1960s that environmental issues were first recognised as relevant challenges in the field of sociology. In the United States the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act highlighted the strain hat the environment was under as a result of human consumption, and the increased demands of agriculture and industry. This was one of the first written laws designed to lay down a broad national framework for protecting the environment (NEPA, 1969). The emergence of this subfield was a direct consequence of the growing interest in environmentalism in the 1970ââ¬â¢s. I will now address the environmental challenges posed by (1) globalisation, (2) human consumption, and (3) sustainability from a sociological perspective. GlobalisationOne of the contributing factors that has magnified environmental awareness in the latter half of the twentieth century are the impacts of globalisation. Globalisation is a process where the amount of economic, social and cultural activity carried out across national borders is increased. The process of globalisation has significant economic, social and environmental implications, both positive and negative. It ââ¬Ë ââ¬â¢enables free flow of goods, capital and technology and thus it becomes a motivational force for nations to develop themselves and (can) create a more gainful environment in the world scenarioââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢( Alamar.K, 2010). While this growing flow of capital, technology and trade has arguably helped the developed nations of the world to expand further, this has often come at the expense and exploitation of natural resources in developing countries. For example ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢the demand for hardwood and woodchips in developed countries, such as Japan and the Netherlands, accelerates deforestation, soil impoverishment and a loss of local biodiversity in less-developed parts of the world, such as Brazil and Indonesiaââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (Dreher.A, Gaston . N. 2008). The world has been recast as one big universal market place and whilst the benefits of this are many, it is also having a negative effect on our environment. Some of the other negative effects of globalisation on the environment manifest themselves in the increase in air traffic, cars, sea transport, waste and the ever rising consumption of water and fossil energy. These factors all have profound impacts on the environment ranging from local to global (Dreher. A, Gaston. N, 2008).Increased Human Consumption As previously stated in the introduction the issues of globalisation and consumption are interdependent. The increased ââ¬Ëflow of goodsââ¬â¢ made possible by globalisation has led to a greater international demand for consumer goods. Much of the debate surrounding environmental challenges centres on this area of changing human consumption patterns. Consumption refers to ââ¬Å"the goods, services, energy and resources that are used up by people, institutions and societiesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (Gidden's, 2001).There is a direct correlation between high levels of consumption and economic development. As economies have flourished particularly in developed countries, this in turn has resulted i n the average person having more disposable income to spend on luxuries after necessities. These luxuries come in the form of more food, clothing, personal items, leisure time, cosmetics, holidays, cars and so forth (Giddens 2001). In a lifetime the average person consumes tons of raw materials, which must be extracted, processed and eventually disposed of as waste.In industrialised countries it is becoming increasingly difficult to dispose of the enormous amounts of refuse. Landfills are fast filling up and many urban areas are struggling to find places to dispose of domestic waste. For example, a report released by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency for the year 2011 found that uncollected household waste was estimated at 128,000 tonnes, which is a matter for on-going concern given the likely hood that some of it may have been burned or dumped. This is a trend common to most if not all developed economies.The impact of deforestation is not always confined to the local area; it can also have regional and potentially more global effects (e. g. , global climate change). Human impact as a contributing factor to many regional natural disasters (e. g. Bangladesh floods in 2007) cannot be easily quantified. What is clear however is that we are witnessing major shifts in our natural environment. These changes are manifesting themselves at local level in uncultivable soil, desertification, water contamination and air pollution. SustainabilityThe modern concept of sustainable development has emerged gradually over the last 40 years. During this time individuals, communities, governments, and nongovernmental organisations (NGOââ¬â¢s) have developed an awareness for the importance of the environment and humansââ¬â¢ increasing negative impacts on the natural world (Hardisty. P, 2012). Sustainable development is defined as ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢the use of renewable resources to promote economic growth, the protection of animal species and biodiversity, and the commi tment to maintaining clean air, water and landââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (United Nations Our Common Future Report 1987).Sustainable development means that growth, ideally, be carried out in such a way as to recycle physical resources, rather than deplete and destroy them, and to keep pollution levels to a minimum (Giddenââ¬â¢s 2001). Currently a third of the worldââ¬â¢s population live directly off their own local produce (UNDP 1998). These peopleââ¬â¢s livelihoods are entirely dependent on the land. Therefore this makes them extremely vulnerable to any environmental change. One example of these changes is soil degradation experienced in parts of Asia and Africa.As local populations grow, so too does the demand for increased agricultural output, which leads to over-farming (Giddens, 2001). More efficient and sustainable methods of farming need to be urgently employed so as not to completely exhaust the land for future generations. In order for sustainable development to make an impac t it requires individuals, businesses, multinational corporations and the government to commit to a policy of reform in how they consume resources and the methods they use to dispose of solid waste and manage air pollution.There is reluctance amongst many to adapt to sustainable development as they argue it will come at the expense of economic growth. Therefore the real challenge facing environmental sociologists is to find ways to convince or incentivise these individuals and organizations that sustainable development is the only way forward. Conclusion Over the course of this assignment I have explored the emergence of environmental sociology beginning in the 1960s.I have analysed three of the most urgent challenges facing scholars of sociology including globalisation, changing human consumption patterns, and sustainability. One thing that has become apparent is that these challenges are all interlinked, and therefore cannot be addressed in isolation. The effects of globalisation and changing consumer patterns are evident on both a local and global scale. In support of this argument I have endeavoured to provide both local and global examples of the impacts of these sociological forces.Clearly the relationship between humans and the environment is a complex one. Our increasing demand for raw materials is stripping the earth of its already scarce resources, and therefore this relationship is unsustainable, and in urgent need of rebalancing. The urgency and scale of these environmental challenges have meant that sociologists have had to redefine the parameters of classical sociology. If the environment was once merely a ââ¬Ëbackdropââ¬â¢ to the study of ââ¬Å"human social life, groups and societiesâ⬠(reference), changing circumstances have dictated that it can no longer be side-lined.Instead, environmental sociology must be understood, appreciated and addressed with the same diligence a traditional disciplines of sociology. Bibliography Books: * G iddens, Anthony, Sociology 4th edition, Polity Press, 2001, Ch. 19, Pg 609-621. * Hardisty, Paul E, Environmental and Economic Sustainability, CRC Press, 2010, Ch. 2. Journals: * Alamar. K and Murali. N, Globalisation, the Environment and sustainable Development, Taylor and Francis Group, London 2010. * Alamar. K and Murali.N, Environmental Management, Sustainable Development and Human Health, Taylor and Francis Group, London, 2008. * Dreher. A, Gaston. N, Martens. P, Measuring Globalisation; Gauging itsââ¬â¢ Consequences, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 2008. * Internet Resources: * National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 http://www. epa. gov/region1/nepa/ (accessed 7/10/12) * Environmental Protection Agency, Irelands Environmental Challenges and Priorities Report, 2012 http://www. epa. ie/ (accessed 4/10/12) Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-61833367429441926982020-01-06T02:40:00.001-08:002020-01-06T02:40:02.227-08:00Sports Should Be Mandatory Public Schools - 888 Words Unicef illustrates, Sport is a good-entry point for the promotion of life skills-based education and healthy lifestyles, including the values of physical fitness, proper nutrition and how to make choices that positively impact health. In other words, Unicef believes that sports assist an individual in all aspects of life, whether it is physical, mental, or life skills oriented. Simply put, participating in a sport has multiple benefits that can be applied to everyday life. For this exact reason, sports should be implemented mandatory in public schools. Although some parents believe that sports have more consequences than benefits, the physical activity included in athletics is proven to increase child health. Accordingly, there are articles such as, Younger Kids. Longer Seasons. More Injuries, conclude that children should lay off physical activity due to the ever-looming threat of injuries and children are safer and better off staying away from sports. On the flip side, articles suc h as, Why Sport and Play, list the boons of the physical activity involved in sports. I assert that sports should be mandatory in public schools because it offers benefits that children should not go without. I wholeheartedly endorse the making a student participate in at least one sport can benefit a student s mental and physical health, grades, and school attendance. I believe that sports benefit childrenââ¬â¢s mental health. For example, no matter what the child is doing, life throwsShow MoreRelatedMandatory Drug Testing for High School Athletes Essay1338 Words à |à 6 Pagesevents. Mandatory drug testing was not allowed in public schools until June 2002 when the Supreme Court allowed for public schools to do random drug testing (Carroll 23). This decision allowed for drug testing in all schools throughout the United States not just for athletes but also students who are in any activities within the school, for example clubs and competitive events (Carroll 23). Even though drug testing is now allowed by the Supreme Court many schools do not yet have mandatory drug testRead MoreStudent Athletes And Physical Education1604 Words à |à 7 Pagesphysical education in order to graduate. Envision a student who does very well in school and would like to take advanced placement or running start classes in order to better prepare themselves for c ollege. This student, however, cannot take these classes because he or she has to take physical education, a gradation requirement, and does not have the schedule flexibility to fit both classes in. Almost every school in the United States requires students to take physical education in order to graduateRead MoreThe Pros and Cons to Physical Education Essay1662 Words à |à 7 Pagesgovernment are weighing the pros and cons of allowing physical education in school. I believe that even though the funding being used to pay for equipment and gymnasiums could be better spent on books and materials for other classes, physical education should stay in school because it provides healthy exercise for children and teens. It also gives the less fortunate but deserving children a chance to play and excel in sports. Obesity is a huge concern in America today. We see more children, teensRead MorePhysical Education Should Be Mandatory in Schools Essay502 Words à |à 3 Pagestelevisions and video games conditions young people to be less active. The safety of children is also a concern, with all the violence that is occurring parents are protective and want to keep their children indoors, decreasing their time outdoors. Schools also provide less time for physical activity programs by focusing more on academics. Consequently children who are not physically active will have a lesser chance of being healthy. There are many benefits of regular physical activity for childrenRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1713 Words à |à 7 PagesCollege sports are one of the largest and fastest growing markets in todayââ¬â¢s culture. With some college sports games attracting more viewers than their professional counterparts, the NCAA is one of the most profiting organizations in America. Recently there has been controversy in the world of college sports as to whether the college athletes that are making their universities and the NCAA money should receive payment while they are playing their respective sport. Many believe that these athletesRead MoreRequired Physical Education in Schools912 Words à |à 4 Pagesstandards from the National Association of Sports and Physical Education for Schoolchildren (Rochman). While the physical education at schools are declining in the United States because the state requirements for education are putting pressure on schools to increase the class room part and decreasing the physical education. Schools are trying to save money for the core classes math, Science, Language Arts, and History. With that lack of physical activity in schools the childhood obesity is increasing.Read MoreCollege Athletes Have A Lot On Their Plate Between Jobs, Classes, Practice And Games869 Words à |à 4 PagesColleges should pay their students for their time of tr ying to keep the college s sports reputation well; the students are still trying to juggle their classes so they will not receive a failing grade. College is not a cheap investment, and some of the students are stuck with the job of paying for it without the financial help of family members. The cost of tuition and fees averaged $32,405 at private schools, $9,410 at public schools, and $23,893 for out-of-state students at a public school. (CollegedataRead MoreDrug Testing of High School Students1075 Words à |à 5 PagesMandatory Drug Testing of High School Athletes Brandon had always wanted to play football for his high school team. He had always been one of the slowest and smallest boys in his grade. While in 8th grade, he was introduced to performance enhancing drugs. He was sold on the fact that they would make him stronger, faster, and maybe give him a shot to make the high school football team. During his first year of taking the performance enhancing drug, Brandon had increased strength and self-prideRead MoreBenefits Of A Uniformed School Day1550 Words à |à 7 PagesA Uniformed School Day Uniforms have been a key element in promoting a successful, safe and unified establishment. Those successful establishments could possibly include a private high school, a sporting team, or even a business. Typically, private schools enforce the policy that a uniform most be worn by all enrolled students. But why hasnââ¬â¢t the majority of traditional public schools, developed uniform policies? Benefits of uniforms within schools may include, students feeling more professionalRead More Problems with Education Essay1529 Words à |à 7 Pageslives of all people all over the world. What we learn, not just in the classroom, shapes who we are. We take our education everywhere we go. We use it when talking to our buddies about sports or music, we use it while solving a math problem, we use our education while debating with our family whether or not we should watch TV or go to the movies. Our education is the foundation of who we are, since every decision we make and every thought we think is dependent on what we know. Imagine how different Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-50233739550080674422019-12-28T23:04:00.001-08:002019-12-28T23:04:04.124-08:00Battle of Molino del Rey in the Mexican-American War The Battle of Molino del Rey was fought September 8, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Having advanced inland from Veracruz and won several victories, Major General Winfield Scotts American army approached Mexico City. Learning of Mexican forces in a mill complex known as the Molino del Rey, Scott ordered an attack to capture the facilities as intelligence suggested they were being used to cast cannon. Moving forward, troops led byà Major General William J. Worth assaulted the Molino del Rey and the nearby Casa de Mata. In the resulting fighting, both positions were captured, but American losses proved high. A somewhat Pyrrhic victory for Scott, no evidence was found that cannon were being manufactured in the facility. Background Though Major General Zachary Taylor had won a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk elected to shift the focus of American efforts from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Though this was largely due to Polks concerns about Taylors political ambitions, it was also supported by reports that an advance against the enemy capital from the north would be exceptionally difficult. As a result, a new army was created under Major General Winfield Scott and ordered to capture the key port city of Veracruz. Landing on March 9, 1847, Scotts men moved against the city and captured it after a twenty-day siege. Building a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making preparations to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. Moving inland, Scott routed the Mexicans, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month. Driving towards Mexico City, he won battles at Contreras and Churubusco in August 1847. Nearing the gates of the city, Scott entered into a truce with Santa Anna in the hopes of ending the war. The subsequent negotiations proved futile and the truce was marred by numerous violations on the part of the Mexicans. Ending the truce in early September, Scott began making preparations for assaulting Mexico City. As this work moved forward, he received word on September 7 that a large Mexican force had occupied the Molino del Rey. The Kings Mill Located southwest of Mexico City, the Molino del Rey (Kings Mill) consisted of a series stone buildings that once had housed flour and gunpowder mills. To the northeast, through some woods, the castle of Chapultepec towered over the area while to the west stood the fortified position of Casa de Mata. Scotts intelligence reports also suggested that the Molino was being used to cast cannon from church bells sent down from the city. As the bulk of his army would not be ready to assault Mexico City for several days, Scott determined to conduct a minor action against the Molino in the meantime. For the operation, he selected Major General William J. Worths division which was located at nearby Tacubaya. Plans Aware of Scotts intentions, Santa Anna ordered five brigades, supported by artillery, to defend the Molino and Casa de Mata. These were overseen by Brigadier Generals Antonio Leon and Francisco Perez. To the west, he stationed around 4,000 cavalry under General Juan Alvarez with the hope of striking the American flank. Forming his men before dawn on September 8, Worth intended to spearhead his attack with a 500-man storming party led by Major George Wright. In the center of his line, Worth placed Colonel James Duncans battery with orders to reduce the Molino and eliminate the enemy artillery. To the right, Brigadier General John Garlands brigade, supported by Hugers Battery, had orders to block potential reinforcements from Chapultepec before striking the Molino from the east. Brigadier General Newman Clarkes brigade (temporarily led by Lieutenant Colonel James S. McIntosh) was directed to move west and assault the Casa de Mata. Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William J. Worth3,500 men Mexico Brigadier General Antonio LeonBrigadier General Francisco Perezapprox. 14,000 men in the area The Attack Begins As the infantry moved forward, a force of 270 dragoons, led by Major Edwin V. Sumner, screened the American left flank. To aid in operation, Scott assigned Brigadier General George Cadwalladers brigade to Worth as a reserve. At 3:00 AM, Worths division began advancing guided by scouts James Mason and James Duncan. Though the Mexican position was strong, it was undermined by the fact that Santa Anna had not placed anyone in overall command of its defense. As American artillery pounded the Molino, Wrights party charged forward. Attacking under heavy fire, they succeeded in overrunning the enemy lines outside the Molino. Turning the Mexican artillery on the defenders, they soon came under heavy counterattacks as the enemy realized that the American force was small (Map). A Bloody Victory In the resulting fighting, the storming party lost eleven of fourteen officers, including Wright. With this thrust faltering, Garlands brigade swept in from the east. In bitter fighting they managed to drive off the Mexicans and secure the Molino. Haven taken this objective, Worth ordered his artillery to shift their fire to the Casa de Mata and directed McIntosh to attack. Advancing, McIntosh quickly found that the Casa was a stone fortress and not an earthen fort as originally believed. Surrounding the Mexican position, the Americans attacked and were repulsed. Briefly withdrawing, the Americans witnessed Mexican troops sortie from the Casa and kill nearby wounded soldiers. With the battle at the Casa de Mata progressing, Worth was alerted to Alvarezs presence to across a ravine to the west. Fire from Duncans guns kept the Mexican cavalry at bay and Sumners small force crossed the ravine to provide further protection. Though artillery fire was slowly reducing the Casa de Mata, Worth directed McIntosh to attack again. In the resulting assault, McIntosh was killed as was his replacement. A third brigade commander was severely wounded. Again falling back, the Americans allowed Duncans guns to do their work and the garrison abandoned the post a short time later. With the Mexican retreat, the battle ended. Aftermath Though it lasted only two hours, the Battle of Molino del Rey proved one of the bloodiest of the conflict. American casualties numbered 116 killed and 671 wounded, including several senior officers. Mexican losses totaled 269 killed as well as approximately 500 wounded and 852 captured. In the wake of the battle, no evidence was found that the Molino del Rey was being used as a cannon foundry. Though Scott ultimately gained little from the Battle of Molino del Rey, it did serve as another blow to the already low Mexican morale. Forming his army over the coming days, Scott attacked Mexico City on September 13. Winning the Battle of Chapultepec, he captured the city and effectively won the war. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-64335026968465240142019-12-20T18:50:00.001-08:002019-12-20T18:50:02.787-08:00Hunting The Benefits Of Wildlife Conservation - 1237 Words The Benefits of Hunting Conservation is the protection and preservation of nature (Peterson 53). Hunting is an important part of the conservation of wildlife. Hunting is widely considered a crucial part of wildlife conservation. Hunting benefits wildlife by controlling the population, raising funds for wildlife conservation, and protect wildlife. In America, there are 15 million hunters annually (ââ¬Å"Hunting conservationâ⬠1). Hunting is a common activity around the world. Hunting is performed for several reasons. Some hunt to provide food, while others hunt for enjoyment. Hunters are among the foremost supporters of wildlife conservation (1). Through many ways they help benefit wildlife. Hunting is used as a management tool around the world.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Hunting is a valuable source of funding for conservation. Hunters pay fees and taxes, which go towards wildlife management programs (Peterson 22-23). According to North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission ââ¬Å"hunting related spending supports wildlife agencies through license sales and the excise tax on hunting equipmentâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Benefitsâ⬠1). There have been many federal efforts to create funding for conservation from hunting. The Pittman-Robertson act was established to raise funds for conservation by levying taxes and fees (Gooch 2). The Pittman- Robertson act has raised $10.1 billion since it was enacted in 1937 (Guiden 3). This money is used for conservation all over the country. According to The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ââ¬Å"the sale of hunting license, tags, and stamps is the primary source of funding for most state wildlife conservation effortsâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Fish and Wildlifeâ⬠1). State License and fees raise $796 million a year for conservation programs (ââ¬Å"25 reasonsâ⬠1). For example, ââ¬Å"In Michigan, hunters pay for approximately 80 percent of the Department of Natural Resourcesââ¬â¢ wildlife managementâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Hunting and wildlifeâ⬠1). These programs have helped preserve the wildlife of the state for future generations. The funding from hunting has been very successful in supporting wildlife management. North America Contained Only 41,000 elk in 1907(ââ¬Å"25 reasonsâ⬠1). Today there are over 1 million elk in North America (1). Lastly, hunting isShow MoreRelatedHunting Benefits Wildlife Conservation2777 Words à |à 11 Pagesdifferent big-game and small-game species of wildlife. The list ranges from the elusive racoon to the prosperous white-tailed deer, and even to the beastly grizzly bear. Since the United States government adopted the concept of conservation, due partly to the great acts of President Theodore Roosevelt, its has been our moral responsibility to protect the game species of America (Belanger). Our country provides a professional and sufficient way to guide conservation and to develop, regulate, and manageRead MoreHunting Is An Essential Component Of Conservation944 Words à |à 4 Pageshistory of hunting reveals that hunters of today share many of the same motivations and methods as ancient hunters. While technology and accessories may be different that those used for hunting thousands of years ago, the ability to take down an animal is something to be celebrated. When you learn the history of hunting, youââ¬â¢ll gain greater appreciation for this old tradition. Hunting is an essential component of conservation and can be used in everyday life; it has been a part of American historyRead MoreHunting : An Effective Tool For Wildlife Management And Preservation Of Wildlife1577 Words à |à 7 Pages Hunting not only provides people with healthy organic meat, it is also instrumental in the management and preservation of wildlife not only through the hunting itself, but also by the money generated by hunters that is used for this purpose. Hunting has existed since the dawn of time and continues to play a key role in providing people with the food they need to survive. Hunting plays many important roles in our world and has been a very effective tool for wildlife management and hopefullyRead MoreHunting: an Act of Conservation1175 Words à |à 5 PagesAugust 4, 1025 Hunting: An Act of Conservation Some would say hunting is simply a sport, while others would say it provides assistance in conservation efforts. ââ¬Å"Conservation is defined as a careful preservation and protection of something; especially planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglectâ⬠(Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Hunting serves as an act of conservation, by assisting in population control, while also providing funding for wildlife management through Read MoreHunting Is Not Only Sustainable1464 Words à |à 6 PagesHunting has been a way of life and means of survival for many different people groups throughout history. Today however, a large portion of society is becoming less tolerant towards hunting. This anti-hunting sentiment comes as a result of poor hunting practices in the past which damaged wildlife populations; however, much has been done since then to improve the practice of hunting. Hunting today both sustains and helps conserve wildlife. Hunting practices today are sustainable because of strictRead MoreThe Big Hunting Game By Ernest Hemingway And Theodore Roosevelt1372 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Big Hunting Game Since ancient times, humans for the necessity of food, hunted wild animals, as they did not know how to organize a farm. They lived as nomads following the movement of their prey. Then the man began to breed animals, and this allowed him to have a fixed residence and hunting was no longer necessary, though not as much. Now, the hunt is no longer practiced for food, but for fun and sport, called Big Hunting. Captured and killed for trophies sport in Africa, the hunting of animalsRead MorePictravels Actions On National Wildlife Refuges1084 Words à |à 5 PagesTake of Wildlife, and Public Participating and Close Procedures, on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska. This rule prohibited: hunting brown bears, wolves and coyotes (including pups and from within their den), expansion of season lengths or increases bag limits, same-day airborne take of bears and prevented loopholes for trapping and snaring of bears and selling their parts (Arctic Nationalâ⬠¦2015). HJR 69 came about not fr om science, but rather the emotions of state politicians and hunting groupsRead MoreHosting A Hunt Protect The Hunted : Pros And Cons1650 Words à |à 7 Pagesthere were several benefits to go along with the drawbacks? The scenario I am referring to is if a professional hunter sold tickets for $1500.00 a piece and maxed the amount of tickets to 100 tickets. The money he received from this hunt would go towards lion conservation only and not into his own pockets. The money the lion conservation efforts would receive would be approximately $150,000.00 (not including taxes taken out). The idea of this much money going towards lion conservation to an average americanRead MoreHunting : A Animal s Rights Activist938 Words à |à 4 PagesSome might think of hunting as a cruel way to obtain food and it is no longer needed for survival, but it is much more than that. Hunting has many others benefits than just a source of food. It helps control population, provides resources, and is a bette r life for the animals outside of captivity. Hunting is important in maintaining wildlife conservation and should be continued in the United States and in other countries. Author Noah Berlatsky, a animal s rights activist strongly disagrees withRead MoreNature Conservation And Its Impacts On Local Communities1642 Words à |à 7 PagesHOW NEOLIBERALISATION FLOURISHES IN NATURE CONSERVATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES. Neoliberalism has had its footprints marked in the sands of history. It has had it limits and it has had its advantages but all those depends on who is the subject we look at. Neoliberalism can be defined in a lot of different ways by scholars but the general definition of neoliberalism is the political term used for the theory whereby the economy is open to investors, and the free market is given priority Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-46475806964880748812019-12-12T15:20:00.001-08:002019-12-12T15:20:03.720-08:00Discuss one or more biological and psychological explanation of schizophrenia free essay sample There appears to be a tendency for schizophrenia to run in families. This suggests that genes and biological factors play a role in the explanation of schizophrenia.. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Evidence from family studies by Gottesman showed that when both parent are schizophrenic then there is a 46% chance of the child getting it, however, if only one parent had it, it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling of the child had schizophrenia. This suggests that a genetic factor is involved. Gottesman also looked at schizophrenics whose father had an identical twin. He found that there was a 17% of being schizophrenic when the father was but he also found that there was also 17% chance of developing the disease when the fatherââ¬â¢s twin had schizophrenia but the father didnââ¬â¢t. MZ twins share 100% of their genes; DZ twins share 50% of their genes. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss one or more biological and psychological explanation of schizophrenia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If genes are a factor we would expect more identical twins to share the disorder than non-identical. Rosenthal took a case study which had a set of female quadruplets. They all developed schizophrenia although the onset and symptoms were very different. This could have been a result of having a troubled upbringing. This suggests a strong heritable component. However, most first degree relatives and twins share the same or similar environments so it is difficult to separate genetic and environmental influences. Adoption studies compare people who have been raised in a different environment from their biological relatives. If they have similarities with their biological relatives this should be due to genes. Evidence from adoption studies, such as, Tenariââ¬â¢s study that had a longitudinal study of 155 schizophrenic mothers who gave up their children for adoption. These were compared with 155 adopted children who did not had a schizophrenic mother. Once these children reached adulthood there was a 10. 3% chance of developing schizophrenia when the mothers also carried the disease whereas the children who had healthy mothers only had a 1. 1% chance of getting schizophrenia This suggests genes rather than the environment have caused the disorder in these cases. However, adopted twins may still have shared similar environments. Even when the adopted environments are similar there is still the shared experience in the womb and at birth so pre-natal viruses or birth trauma may have had an effect. Overall the evidence suggests that genes play a part but nature cannot completely explain schizophrenia as there is not a 100% concordance rate. Nurture needs to be considered and the evidence suggests environmental factors must play a part. Without knowing the specific genes involved we canââ¬â¢t explain how these contribute to the development of schizophrenia, however the current advances in research into the mapping of genes may bring more insight to the process. One of the key psychological explanations of Schizophrenia is the double bind theory, this was developed by Bateson. He proposed that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia. For example if a mother tells her daughter that she loves her, but at the same time turns away in disgust, the child receives two conflicting messages about their relationship on different communicative levels, one of affection on the verbal level, and one of animosity on the non-verbal level. Therefore, the child becomes confused about how to respond to this situation as the two messages invalidate each other and so the child then develops one of the key symptoms of schizophrenics, that is, withdrawal. This is because it is used as a coping mechanism as it is seen as better to just dissolve away in this social situation instead of make sense of it. This theory also fits in with another major part of schizophrenia this is the inability to construct reality. This is because as the two statements give contradictory messages they cannot interpret this properly. A non-schizophrenic might just think they are turning away because the mother is just getting on with something else but the schizophrenic cannot establish this logic. This theory has some evidence to support it, for instance Berger used a retrospective method. He gave out a questionnaire containing 30 double bind statements and asked the participants to rate them on a 4 point scale in terms of how frequently they recalled their mothers using these type of statements. Berger found that the schizophrenics consistently reported a higher incidence of these statements than one of the comparison groups (college students). However he found that the schizophrenicsââ¬â¢ scores were not significantly higher than the other comparison groups who also had psychiatric and medical conditions. Therefore, this research provides some evidence for the double bind theory. However with any retroactive study interpretability of findings is limited by the fact that recall may be unequally biased in the schizophrenic group. This is because of their disorganised thought processes. On the other hand, there is some research that does not support Batesonââ¬â¢s double bind theory for example Liem measured patterns of parental communication in families with a schizophrenic child and found no difference when compared to normal families. Therefore, this statement disproves double bind theory and seems to suggest it is useless. It was obvious that families may be involved in the progress of the condition, but they are unlikely to have been the cause of it. However, the environment the schizophrenia sufferer returns to after treatment influences the likelihood of successful recovery. Homes where face-to-face interaction is characterised by intense emotional concern or criticism are less conducive to recovery than homes with more emotionally stable interactions. Relapse rates are highest where contact is most fraught. Brown (1972) showed that patients who returned from hospital to homes where there was a high level of emotionality (High levels of Emotion were Expressed ââ¬â HEE) were more likely to have a relapse, and would have it sooner than those with LEE (Low levels of Emotion Expressed) families. The kinds of emotions that were expressed were high levels of concern for the sufferers, leading to doing everything for them, being highly critical of their attempts to help themselves, and being very ââ¬Ëstrung outââ¬â¢ generally. These families were characterised by people (mothers usually) rushing around and driving themselves to exhaustion, looking after each other, fussing constantly and being overly possessive. Vaughn and Leff (1976) found 51 per cent of schizophrenic relapses in HEE families, compared to 13 per cent in LEE homes. The more contact the sufferer had with HEE relatives, the higher the relapse rate. The evidence for the effect of other family members and their emotional responses on recovery from schizophrenia is now well established (and the care package for schizophrenia recovery usually includes some education and support for other family members). Evidence for the importance of expressed emotion has been found in studies across different cultures so there can be little doubt of its importance in explaining relapse. Unfortunately for the EE explanation, there are also high relapse rates amongst those recovering from schizophrenia who are not in contact with any former family members, so the expressed emotion hypothesis may not be entirely true. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-37260401804894638832019-12-05T00:38:00.001-08:002019-12-05T00:38:05.049-08:00Japanese Temple Architecture Essay Example For Students Japanese Temple Architecture Essay Architecture has always been a reflection of nations customs and traditions. According to Robert Treat Paine et. al. (1955), ancient religious architectural monuments of Japan are Shinto and Buddhist places of worship like shrines, monasteries and temples. Temple architecture in Japan began to develop shortly after the spreading of basic doctrines of Buddhism in the middle of the VI century from the Korean state Paekche. Buddhist belief was not only a new and very profound philosophy for Japanese, but one of the most impressive examples of a developed culture of the Asian continent. By the end of the VI century Japan has built up impressive monasteries based on the continental model, and by mid-VIII century it has developed a national system of building temples. Pagoda was the main element of Buddhist religious architecture. Like other buildings of the temple, this element was complex because of the sculptural and pictorial images saved as a real line with the ideas of faith. During the classical (VIII-XII cc.) and the medieval (XIII-XVI cc.) periods Buddhist architecture was leading in introduction of new structural and ornamental features. Thus, the Buddhist structures were crucial not only for Japanese architecture, but also for all Japanese art (Paine, et. al., 1955). Shinto, or the way of the gods, was a common Japanese religion. The roots of its architecture were dated back to the origins of Japanese civilization. Shinto temples had their own unique forms. For example, the construction of the magnificent sanctuary of Ise embodied the best of Japanese traditions even though different aesthetic simplicity that drew the most ancient forms of architecture (Paine, et. al., 1955). Plans for a larger number of Shinto Shrines acquired mature form only in the VIII because at that time Japan was already under deep influence of Buddhism, which led to the close connection between two religions in the history of architecture. Thus, the temple Toshogu Shrine in Nikko, the mausoleum of the first Shogun Tokugawa, looks, as a Buddhist structure at first glance because of the thin ornament, though it is Shinto. Outline1 Shinto Temples2 The Overall Layout of Shinto Temples3 Buddhist Architecture4 Buddhist Complex Layout5 Japanese temple-monastery originally consisted of seven elements: Shinto Temples Shinto was formed long before the acquisition by the Japanese written language and had no sacred books of the prophets or the founders of the doctrine (Metevelis, 2002). There is no doctrine itself, which is a characteristic of paganism. In Shinto Gods, or kami in Japanese (which literally means the one who is above), were everything that could have a soul. Later, a certain dogmatic base was made up because of the influence of Buddhism. Animist religion worships not only anthropomorphic deities, but also attributed elements of nature, especially certain mountains and trees that inspire awe. Early shrines did not have the monumental architecture of late Shinto structures. For some shrines like the sanctuary Miwa (Nara Prefecture) and Kanasana (Saitama Prefecture) the main object of worship was a mountain. Even today they do not have a building that could be attributed to as main hall (honden). They are enclosures that are considered sacred sites. This is usually a rectangular area covered by pebbles, surrounded by stones and by a bunch of straw, which connects the four corner posts. Indeed, the center of the sanctuary Miwa is a massive rock on Mount Miwa. Sometimes in the middle of such a sacred place there is a stone (Iwasaki), or pole, or a tree (himorogi). At the base of the mountain is a small hall for worship (hayden) and Torii specific poles and gates, that mark the Shinto shrine. .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .postImageUrl , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:hover , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:visited , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:active { border:0!important; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:active , .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff1755934b85ee5d6204a199c38a937b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History atomic bomb EssayThe existing complex had shrines constructed in order to pray the gods for a bountiful harvest, or to express gratitude for good crops. These earliest places of worship shrines prototypes were found in the center of the village or near mountains, boulders and other places where, as people believed, gods lived. These shrines were simple pits considered to be the guardians of life and prosperity. Their original design featured a temporary nature. Their form was unknown, but one can assume that they were similar to the shrines Mikos, transported on poles during the holidays in honor to increase harvest. For example, placement of sanctuaries Kasuga a nd Camo on the rocks suggests that they originally were there (Rynolds, 2001). The Overall Layout of Shinto Temples There is tendency for all Shinto temples layout. An important part of Shinto religious architecture is the gates to the temple called Torii (Japanese Architecture, 2009). Torii are arches, resembling a Greek letter ? with two beams. The upper beam is longer and slightly concave than the other one. Previously, they were built only of wood and always painted in red. They were followed by a steam statue Korean dogs that suppressed evil spirits. A common Shinto temple complex consisted of two or more buildings. The main building designed for kami was called honden. A hall for prayers was called hayden; this was the place for an altar (Japanese Architecture, 2009). In the main room there was Xingtai (literally it means the body of Kami). It was believed that the soul was infused in Xingtai kami. Body of kami could be a stone, a tree branch, a mirror, a sword, or a wooden plaque on which is written the name this god. Besides the two main buildings of the temple complex, there could be included other auxiliary structures such as a hall for offerings, sinsendze (a place for making sacred food), syamuse (a space for an audience), haraidze (a place for spells), kaguraden (a stage for dancing), etc. There were special pools for ritual washing of mouth and hands between Torii and honden. Buddhist Architecture In mid VI century Japan established as a state. At the same time, Buddhism has spread in the country a world religion that came to Japan from China via Korea. Buddhism became the vehicle of not only the new ideology of society, but also new forms of art (Slessor, 2001). The penetration of Buddhism into Japan, which was connected so important to the medieval art of human perception of unity of spirit and flesh, heaven and earth, was reflected in the development of Japanese art, particularly architecture. Buddhism brought to Japan not only new architectural forms, but also new technology development. This brought development of a special layout of the temple complex for Japanese temple construction. The most important technical innovation was the construction of stone foundations. In ancient Shinto buildings, the whole weight of the building was from dug into the ground in piles, which, naturally, limited the size of buildings (Cram, n.d.). Starting from the Asuka period (552-645), ro of with curved surfaces and raised angles were spreading. Today it is impossible to imagine Japanese temples and pagodas curved roofs from the Asuka period. Buddhist Complex Layout Buddhist temple complexes differed in layout depending on whether they were built in the mountains or the plains. Those temples that were built on the plains had symmetrical arrangement of buildings. Temples that were built in the mountainous terrains were not symmetrical. Therefore, architects had to find a concrete solution every time to the most convenient arrangement of buildings of the temple complex (Coaldrake, 1996). Japanese temple-monastery originally consisted of seven elements: External Gate (Samoan) Principal, or Golden Hall (Kondo) Hall for sermons (Kodo) Drum or Bell Tower (coronal or suro) Repository sutras (Kedzie) Treasury (sesoin) and, finally, Tiered pagoda. .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .postImageUrl , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:hover , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:visited , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:active { border:0!important; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:active , .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udf313efec7843bab7a0f45abedced96a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Forgiveness EssayCovered galleries along with the temple gates often represented a notable architecturally separate building. The complex also included living quarters for monks and a dining hall. Conclusion Architecture of temples in Japan reflects the historical development of the state. Temples of Shintoism and Buddhism influenced each other from the beginning. The construction of temples was rethinking in the visual-sensual form of the major tenets of doctrine. Shinto gods led nature and the fate people while Buddhism provided peace in the country. Above all, a temple had to symbolize a house of God, and the architects did everything in order to deliver these feelings to peole. First building of temples was concentrated on large size and strength. Later they had more artfully decorated interior and exterior details. The development of religious thought and spreading the faith is closely connected with the construction of temples. Also, depending on the type of governments, ruling in a given period, the temple complex bore those imprints. The protection of a supreme class partly determined stylistic characteristics of the buildings in the monastery ensemble. Thereafter, when the country is actually ruled by the military class, the church was inclined to trend higher decoration of external and internal parts of the structure. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-92225776695681060872019-11-28T08:59:00.001-08:002019-11-28T08:59:03.700-08:00Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa With the advent of globalization, many African countries are opting for free trade to enable them to participate effectively in the international market and therefore boost their growth. There are, however, certain barriers that these countries face, which limit them from actively participating in international trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This state of affairs has contributed to the slow pace of development in these countries. The common barriers to international trade in most of African countries include tariffs, quotas and other non-tariff barriers such as domestic content requirement and import licenses. Discussion A tariff refers to a tax that is imposed on imports by the federal government of a country so that it can manage to raise the price of the imported goods to the final consumer. Tariffs are aimed at limiting imports and raising the revenues of a nation. A Quota, on the other hand, refers to a limit on the amount of a commodity that is being imported into a country (Koo Kennedy, 2005). The effect that Tariffs and Quotas have in common is that they have the capacity to regulate imports and in the protection of domestic companies from foreign competition. A tariff, for example, has the effect of raising the price of foreign goods beyond levels that the local consumer would be willing to pay, thereby decreasing the demand for the product. This then limits the supply of the foreign good to the local market. However, while many African countries raise the price of imported capital goods and regulate the amount of imported capital goods, most of them fail to understand that they require capital goods to stimulate their development agendas. With the high tariffs therefore, what is evident is that the prices of capital goods are also high thereby forcing many African countries to invest heavily in the purchase of capital goods. This then limits the availability of funds that the countries can use for other development goals ( Koo Kennedy, 2005). In addition, when African countries raise their tariffs to levels that exporters cannot afford, many exporters withdraw from the African markets thereby limiting the amount of revenue that the governments of these countries earn. This in return slows the investment levels of these countries thereby leading to low rates of economic growth. Domestic content requirement has also been a practice that many African countries engage in as a barrier to international trade (Summer Smith, n.d). The intention here is to stimulate the growth of the local industries. This regulation specifies the percentage of a product that should be produced domestically so that the product can be sold in the local market. Most of the African countries have imposed this requirement in order to foster textile and agricultural production.Ad vertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They impose a policy of import substitution whereby imports are replaced by domestic production. However, most of these countries are incapable of producing goods that meet the needs of the local customers, and the customers are therefore forced to result to imports because of their high quality and reliability. Import licenses are observed to be very effective in terms of regulating and restricting imports in African countries (Summer Smith, n.d). There are those countries which require imports of a specific commodity so as to obtain a license for any shipment that they import into a country. There are also certain countries, which restrict licenses by limiting licenses to specified importers. This thereby limits their participation in the international market. To actively participate in the international market therefore, many African countr ies should regulate their barriers to levels that encourage active participation of foreign investors. References Koo, W. W., Kennedy, P. L. (2005). International Trade and Agriculture. New York: John Wiley Sons. Summer, D. A., Smith, V. H. (n.d). Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade. Retrieved from https://www.farmfoundation.org/ This essay on Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa was written and submitted by user Josue Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-62478741066776068282019-11-24T16:33:00.001-08:002019-11-24T16:33:04.230-08:00Homoioteleuton - Definition and Examples in EnglishHomoioteleuton s in English Homoioteleuton is the use of similar sound endings to words, phrases, or sentences.à In rhetoric, homoioteleuton is regarded as a figure of sound. Brian Vickers equates this figure with assonance or prose rhyme (In Defence of Rhetoric, 1988).à In The Arte of English Poesy (1589), George Puttenhamà compared the Greek figure of homoioteleuton to our vulgar rhyme, offering this example: Weeping, creeping, beseeching I wan / The love at length of Lady Lucian. Etymology:à From the Greek, like ending Pronunciation:à ho-moi-o-te-LOO-ton Also Knownà As:à nearà rhyme, prose rhyme Alternate Spellings:à homeoteleuton,à homoeoteleuton Examples My mother weeping, my father wailing, my sister crying, our maid howling, our cat wringing her hands. (Launce in Act II, scene three of The Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare)The quicker picker upper. (Advertising slogan for Bounty paper towels)Thatââ¬â¢s why, darling, itââ¬â¢s incredibleThat someone so unforgettableThinks Iââ¬â¢m unforgettable too. (Unforgettable, sung by Nat King Cole)Loose lips sink ships. (Public service ad during World War II)Crispety, crunchety, peanut-buttery Butterfinger. (Advertising slogan for Butterfinger candy bar)I must aim at lucidity, simplicity and euphony. (William Somerset Maugham, The Summing Up, 1938)But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. (President Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863)He would clap his hands, lick his lips, narrow his eyes into a squinty gaze and extemporize, patronize, chastise, sermonize and crack wise all at the same time. (Linton Weeks, de scribing U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in Rumsfeld, A Newsmaker Whos Certainly Hard to Follow. The Washington Post, November 9, 2006) Chieftain Iffucan of Azcan in caftanOf tan with henna hackles, halt! (Wallace Stevens, Bantams in Pine-Woods)A very delectable, highly respectable,Threepenny-bus young man! (W.S. Gilbert, Patience, 1881)Reinhart and Rogoff admitted their errors but claimed, incorrectly, that it remains true that high public debt levels are correlated with slower growth. In fact, as sensible economists observed when their study first came out, correlation is not causation. (The Nation, May 13, 2013) Homoioteleuton as a Pattern of Repetition Homoioteleuton is a series of words with similar endings such as those with the Latinate suffixes -ion (e.g., presentation, action, elaboration, interpretation), -ence (e.g., emergence), and -ance (e.g., resemblance, performance). These suffixes work to nominalize verbs (transform verbs into nouns) and tend to appear most regularly in what Williams (1990) referred to as the various -eses (idioms such as legalese and bureaucratese. Like other patterns of repetition, homoioteleuton helps to build or reinforce connections, as in this example from the English politician Lord Rosebery in an 1899 speech: Imperialism, sane imperialism . . . is nothing but this - a larger patriotism. (James Jasinski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Sage, 2001) Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-90222490911522213892019-11-21T07:47:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:47:05.016-08:00The importance of implementing a Enterprise Resource Planning System Research ProposalThe importance of implementing a Enterprise Resource Planning System - Research Proposal Example The age of competition and globalization has necessitated the need for organizations to show flexibility in their attitude as the business climate is considered to be highly turbulent which requires constant changes in the business model of an organization. ERP packages help in providing solutions in manufacturing, supply chain, Customer Relationship Management and E-commerce. The popularity of ERP packages could be gauged from the fact that even public sector organizations have started implementing ERP solutions in their business processes (Nah, 2002, p.1). The figure above shows the integration of various business processes using ERP. ERP packages help in integrating the various functions or business processes of an organization. This helps organizations in aligning their business processes which helps in maximizing the efficiency of an organization. The enterprise mode considers an organization as a single system in which all its departments are its sub-systems. This helps every department to keep a track on what is happening in other departments. ERP focuses on three major aspects namely, relevancy, accuracy and timeliness. ERP packages attempt to authenticate that the information served is accurate and relevant for the decision making body of the organization. It also ensures that proper timing is maintained so that decision making is not delayed. Organizations implementing ERP in their business processes have ability to provide accurate and timely information to its customers or employees (Leon, 2007 p.5-8). Organizations like Wal -Mart have implemented ERP packages in supply chain management which has helped it to gain sustainable competitive advantage. ERP has helped Wal-Mart to access real time information of the stock of its products which in turn ensures that the shelves of its stores never run out of stock for a particular item or goods. ERP packages have also been implemented in the field of Human Resource Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-24317706287048606392019-11-20T10:02:00.001-08:002019-11-20T10:02:04.929-08:00Describe the major topographic features of the ocean basin floor Research PaperDescribe the major topographic features of the ocean basin floor - Research Paper Example it is these basins that are of most interest when studying the topology of the ocean floor, as they differ greatly from the features of the surrounding landmasses (Garrison, Oceanography). This essay will briefly discuss several types of the features of the deep ocean basins and some of their implications for the science and study of oceanography. These features are primarily related to various effects of tectonic plate shifting. A significant portion of the ocean floor is categorized as the abyssal plain, which are large and mostly flat areas, covered in oceanic sediment (Garrison, Oceanography). In fact, the abyssal plain covers the largest proportion of the Earth's surface, more than any other known geographical feature (Garrison, Essentials of oceanography). The abyssal plain is the portion of the seabed found at the bottom of the ocean basins, in the absence of other features or tectonic activity. They may sometimes contain areas of abyssal hills, which are formed through low-le vel volcanic activity (Karleskint). The seafloor has numerous geological structures that rise up out of this abyssal plain, most of which are also volcanic in nature. One of these is seamounts, which are volcanic protrusions from the ocean bed taller than 100 meters from base to summit (Wessel, Sandwell, & Kim). These make up approximately 5% of the known area of the ocean floor (Yesson et al.). Seamounts can be active or extinct, and play a myriad of roles in the ocean ecosystem and the flow of surrounding water (Wessel, Sandwell, & Kim). Another are knolls, which are similar to seamounts in origin, but are smaller and do not have such a large effect on the surrounding ocean. These make up approximately 16% of the ocean floor habitat. Tens of thousands of such seamounts and knolls exist on the ocean floor, many of them still unmapped or even undiscovered; the ones that are known are biased towards areas with heavier ship activity and so such proportions may be considerably differen t from the actual makeup of the rest of the ocean basin (Yesson et al.). Larger volcanic structures may even be exposed above the surface of the ocean water, and result in chains of volcanic islands (Garrison, Oceanography). These chains, and many other volcanic bathygraphic features, are generally found along the boundaries of the tectonic plates making up the Earth's crust. Island chains may also be found along the borders of deep ocean trenches, another feature of the seabed. This type of island chain is referred to as an island arc (Karleskint). Rugged oceanic ridges are another feature of the deep ocean floor, appearing in areas where the ocean floor is spreading due to a divergent plate boundary. The area where the highest volcanic activity is found is called the rift valley, and the locations where new ocean floor is being formed due to such activity are referred to as the rift zones. These rift areas are often home to vibrant communities of deep-sea ocean life, unlike the ec osystem seen on the relatively lifeless abyssal plain (Karleskint). These communities exist as a result of the hydrothermal vents, or springs of hot water, produced by these zones (Garrison, Essentials of oceanography). Ocean ridges are also usually accompanied by fracture zones, which run perpendicular to the direction of the ridges. (Karleskint). The Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-842480813741753232019-11-18T02:25:00.001-08:002019-11-18T02:25:03.887-08:00Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 2 Assignment Harnischfeger Case - 1Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 2 Harnischfeger Case - Assignment Example With the coming in of the straight-line method for financial reporting which is a change that has built on the previously used method which was the principally accelerated method, some level of changes have been recorded on the income of the company. Even though it is described to be insignificant, there has been an upsurge in the reported income of the company by $11.0 million. Into the future, this change will only affect profits positively when the company is able to maintain its current expenditure or is able to keep that also lower than it currently stand (Cao, 2009). The accounting changes that were recorded also affected changes in the depreciation lives, which focused on specific areas of the companyââ¬â¢s operations. These included U.S plants, machinery and equipment and residual values on selected items. The effect of this was an increase in net income by $3.2 million for 1984 alone. In the most immediate future, reported profits are expected to go up as a result of this. However, Conrad (2009) also noted that increased income can only be likened to guaranteed profits if expenditure is also low. The current economic assumptions that Harnischfegerââ¬â¢s plant and machinery will last longer and only lose their value slowly can be noted to be justified. This is because of a number of reasons. In the first place, most of the challenges that the business was facing as part of its business conditions in the primary industries are no more. Secondly, the depreciation accounting will now ensure that there is less pressure on plant and machinery, giving room for the lifespan of these to last longer. LIFO liquidation is simply a method of inventory costing that states for last in, first out. LIFO liquidation is noted to take place in situations where current sales are noted to be higher than current purchases, leading to the need to liquidate all inventory that were not sold in the previous periods (Hull and White, 2010). The effect of LIFO liquidation on income Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5713072564970405930.post-85068514493895940302019-11-15T14:56:00.001-08:002019-11-15T14:56:03.742-08:00Overview Of The Human Resource Activities Management EssayOverview Of The Human Resource Activities Management Essay This essay gives an overview of the Human Resource activities in Goldman Sachs Group with particular concern to the challenges faced at the senior management level. In Goldman Sachs, Human resource management is referred to as Human Capital management and during my investigation it was revealed that the Groups HR managers employ the SOFT approach that emphasis the need to gain commitment of employees through involvement and communication. The challenges faced by this division are as a result of the rapid changes occurring in the external business environment and some internal re-structuring adopted regularly to tackle short and long-term un-foreseen circumstances. The Goldman Sachs Group is a global investment banking and securities firm which engages in investment banking, securities, investment management, and other financial services primarily with institutional clients. Goldman Sachs was founded in 1869 and is headquartered at 200 West Street in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City, with additional offices in major international financial centre. The firm provides mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. The firm also engages in proprietary trading and private equity deals, and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market (Goldman Sachs, 2010). According to Leif Edvinsson (2002), the only essential value an enterprise has is the experience, skills, innovativeness and insights of its people; Goldman Sachs believes human resource management plays a critical role in managing the firms most important asset, the people. People are our most valuable asset is a truism which no member of the senior management team would disagree with. The HR division serves the firm globally from locations in the Americas, Europe, India and Asia, and is responsible for a broad range of activities that relates to that outlined by Henry Fayol (1841-1925). Question 1: Business environment is rapidly changing and bringing new challenges to the workplace. What are the challenges face by the HR Manager in your chosen organization and suggest how these can be overcome by effective HR strategies. There is a dynamic shift in the global business environment today and more dramatic change is expected in the next decades especially at senior level (CIPD, 2010). As a result, HR managers at Goldman Sachs must play special roles in dealing with these changes and must develop specific competencies to tackle the effect. These changes include Workplace Diversity, Pay structure, the transfer of work abroad, either to outsourced providers or on a global in-sourcing basis; the e-enablement of many HR process; greater sophistication in the HR information technology, new structures for international HR functions; greater competition for talented staff at all levels of organization; more protracted and strategic talent pipelines. Stuart (2009) wrote in an article that If HR is not yet sufficiently respected in financial services, especially in the Investment banking industry, and then such an important issue, affecting both corporate image and the compensation of senior executives, is unlikely to be delegated to them. I strongly concur with this logic, implying that other senior executives will make the decisions, while HR is left to handle the vast amount of day-to-day paperwork: This is not the case in Goldman Sachs Group. After a careful research into the Human resource activities in Goldman Sachs, this report revealed that there is a well-structured strategy tailored specifically for senior level employees. This is because of their strong concern for long term leadership scheme required for the sustainability of their cooperate strategy. They accept as true that Human Capital management has been the bed-rock of the Organizations success so far (GS leadership Summit, 2009). There is a direct link between the corporate strategy and the HR strategies in Goldman Sachs. As a result, the HR managers in various locations continually strive to hit a balance in the way and manner they deal with executives in the top level (Goldman Sachs, 2010). The HR managers have long wanted to get away from the old reputation of telling line managers what they cannot do, by concentrating on business partnering, change management, leadership development and of course Financial Directors that are also seldom turned on by reconciliations and Internal Audit, but they do it while still remaining strategically relevant (Taylor, 2009). In Goldman Sachs, the HR function is viewed differently according to the organizations sub-divisions; however, the financial crisis has given rise to four key issues that provide HR managers in Goldman Sachs with the chance to demonstrate the value of its expertise and elevate its image and status within the Investment banking industry. These issues are: Leadership selection and development, pay structure, Workplace Diversity, intelligent and efficient downsizing, and the need for new ways to manage, engage and retain staff for higher management positions. Spencer (2009) in a research discovered that these issues are key factor that could affect the future of any organization in the long term hence the need for critical response by the HR managers in Goldman Sachs. Leadership selection and development Establishing a strong pipeline of potential leaders is important for Goldman Sachs future success (Goldman Sachs, 2008). In the financial services industry, organizations have often felt compelled to reward high revenue-generating employees with promotion to management positions, the results have been mixed indeed, it could be argued that the inappropriate selection of managers contributed to the recent crisis. The Goldman Sachs group as a whole is still grappling with this issue, thinking of effective ways to integrate star performers within the management structure without compromising standards. A good retention plan as well as training and development programs for senior executives (as illustrated in the later part of this paper) can help Goldman HR managers tackle this challenge. Pay structure The financial crisis has brought the compensation structure within all divisions in Goldman Sachs back to the drawing board (FT, 2009). There is a widespread feeling that short-term pay deals encouraged risk-taking behavior which, at least in part, contributed to the crisis. As a result, growing pressure from government, media and the general public has resulted in many investment banks rethinking the way they pay their front-line staff. The need for greater transparency, a remodeled financial incentive for risk-taking, and more precise measurement of individual performance is a topic of much debate within Goldman Sachs. At the very least, HR can anticipate heavy involvement in ensuring compliance with newly introduced and very detailed legal and regulatory requirements on pay. Workplace Diversity The future success of Goldman Sachs relies on the ability to manage a diverse body of talent that can bring innovative ideas, perspectives and views to their work. The challenge and problems faced of workplace diversity can be turned into a strategic asset if Goldman Sachs is able to capitalize on this melting pot of diverse talents. With the blend of talents of diverse cultural backgrounds, genders, ages and lifestyles, they can react to business opportunities more rapidly and creatively, especially in the global investment banking industry. Alison (2008) confirmed that this fact must be one of the important corporate goals to accomplish for greater success. More importantly, if Goldman Sachs internal working environment does not support diversity broadly, they risk losing talent to competitors. In order to effectively manage workplace diversity especially at senior level, Cox (1993) suggests that HR Managers at Goldman Sachs needs to change from an ethnocentric view (our way is the best way) to a culturally relative perspective (lets take the best of a variety of ways). This shift in philosophy has to be deep-rooted in the managerial framework of the HR Management in her planning, organizing, leading and controlling of the Groups valued asset Our People. Since pay is no longer a necessarily key motivator, other ways to attract, engage and retain staff need to be emphasized or discovered for long-term benefits. Intelligent downsizing A harsher economic climate has resulted in several Investment banks downsizing their staff level considerably. Goldman Sachs HR managers most consider reshaping the organization so that it can ride the downturn with morale intact, while ensuring that it is prepared to capitalize when the economy recovers, this will present a clear opportunity for HR managers at Goldman Sachs to prove their commercial value. However, at their annual stakeholders conference (2009), doubts were expressed about whether HR has so far managed to stamp its authority on this process. Question 2: Comment on how HR activities contribute to the success of your chosen organization. Use any 2 HRM Models to explain your answer. A number of studies have noted significance of human resource activities in the success or failure of an organization (Terpstra Olson, 1993). Human resource factors form one of the most important areas for success for Goldman Sachs (Castanias Helfat, 1991; Spender, 1993; Lei Hitt, 1995; Conner Prahalad, 1996). Carter, et al. (1994), as well as Nucci (1999) wrote that business continued existence and success is associated to human resource as well as the financial factors at the early start-up phase. A study of new businesses by Bamford, Dean, McDougall (1996) acknowledged acquiring competent human resources was critical for any Business success or failure because HR management (also called Human capital management in Goldman Sachs) influence and may determine how well success can be achieved in a highly competitive global market environment. HR managers at Goldman Sachs employ a model synonymous to the Harvard analytic framework which focuses on the different stakeholders interest that impact on employee behavior and performance. All the successful internal operational activities have been shaped by their Human Resource strategic choices (Goldman Sachs, 2009). Like the Harvard analytical framework, HRM policies at Goldman Sachs are derived from Stakeholders interest and the outcomes which are in-line with the HRM policies produces corresponding Long-term consequences (Organizational effectiveness). These consequently have a direct effect on the Stakeholders interest and several situational factors (Workforce, Business strategies, Management Structure and Culture). Stake holder Interests Shareholders Management Employee Groups HRM policy HR outcomes Long-Term Government choices Consequences Community Employee Commitment Individual Unions influence Compliance well-being Human resource Congruence Organizational flow Cost effectiveness effectiveness Rewards systems Societal well- Work Systems being Situational Factors Workforce Characteristics Business Strategy and conditions Management Philosophy Labor Market Unions Task Technology Law and Societal values Figure 1: Harvard analytical framework adapted from Beer et al (1984) Guest strategic Human Resource management model best summarize the strategies and contributions of Human Resources managers at Goldman Sachs. The model draws a link from the HRM policies (concerning Organizational design, management of change, Recruitment, selection, development and reward systems) to the Human Resource outcomes (strategic integration, commitment and quality) produced by such policies and onto the corresponding Organizational outcomes (High job performance, innovation, Cost effectiveness and competitive advantage). HRM Policies Human Resource Outcomes Organizational Outcomes High Organizational design Job performance Management of change Strategic Integration High Problem-solving Change Recruitment Commitment Innovation selection socialization Appraisal training Flexibility High development Cost Effectiveness Reward systems Quality Low Turnover Absence Grievances Leadership/ Culture/Strategy Figure 2: SHRM model Adapted from Guest (1989) The degree of the overall HR performance at Goldman Sachs is positively associated with success and growth as explained by Fombrun et al (1984). The approaches to employee recruitment and selection are many. The firm often has greater resources to filter potential workers, yet the HR managers have greater insight regarding a potential recruit at the individual level. Regardless of the types of recruitment, tests, interviews, and measures of potential performance, recruitment and selection of the right people for company positions affects the probability of success. Effective recruitment and selection is positively associated with success and growth. Designing and implementing adequate work environments, reward systems, benefits packages (among others) are part of HR function at Goldman Sachs. These are often critical to retain the highest performing quality employees. At Goldman Sachs, difficulties sometimes arise in keeping their best people from accepting posts that are more attractive. This is particularly true in the Investment banking sectors of high demand for particular human capital. Retention of quality employees is positively associated with success and growth. In the same way, Employee Satisfaction is positively associated with success and growth. The Group recorded an increase in profit from 15.6% as of November 28, 2008 to 16.0% In March 27, 2009 and this was linked to the effectiveness of her HR managers with particular concern on the way and manner they managed issues relating to recruitment and selection of the Groups senior executives, established successful retention of quality employees (created high number of high ranked staffs renowned in the investment banking industry), and excellent succession planning strategies. Rewards Selection Performance Appraisal Training Figure 3: Human Resource circle adapted from Fombrun et al (1984) HR managers at Goldman Sachs provide enhancement of human capital by education, training, mentoring and other programs as a means to improving business outcomes. These programs not only increase the skills of employees, but also motivate them and inspire new ideas. There are positive effects in the interrelation between knowledge-structures (such as development and training) with the corporate goal. Employee training and development is positively associated with success and growth. Question 3: What role HR planning plays in your chosen organization? Describe any 3 HR planning Methods that has been used to achieve organizational objectives. In March 27, 2009 Goldman Sachs improved her balance sheet, reporting a Tier 1 ratio of 16.0% (an increase from 15.6% as of November 28, 2008); credit was given to the effectiveness and proactive strategies of her HR managers for successful planning across all divisions of the group (GS summit, 2009). Goldman Sachs HR managers believe that a good planning requires an assessment of present and future needs of the organization compared with present resources and future predicted resources. Effective HR planning has anticipated and mapped out the cost and benefit of their business strategy on the effectiveness of their Human resources (Bott, 2010). These plans have enabled them anticipate the future needs of their Human resource management, and indentify practices that will help them meet those needs. Although, Goldman Sachs corporate strategy guides the HR strategies, their HR plans are highly congruent with their Business strategy (vertical integration). In like manner, the HR strateg ies are cohesive and mutually supportive to all functional departments and divisions across the Group (Horizontal integration). HR planning has contributed immensely to the emulating succession planning at Goldman Sachs (Goldman Sachs, 2009), it has helped to anticipate and prevent chaos within the organization (Smoke detectors), help to resolve employees challenges especially at the senior level, enable an effective Retention plan, and several developmental programs to ensure staff competency (Goldman Sachs treasured asset). It has also helped the group to answer question like; where will the next generation of our managers come from, how they can retain their highly skilled staffs, and what number of staffs they should employ. Several HR planning methods has been employed by HR managers at Goldman Sachs to achieve success in these areas. Some of such planning methods are; Bench Strength Plan; this planning method is more of a targeted succession planning at Goldman Sachs. It emphasizes on the Human capital on reserve that are capable of succeeding a senior executive when they leave. It is currently the least automated talent management procedure within the Group but has also provided the senior executives with global visibility into the talent pipeline and overall bench strength by leveraging dynamic talent pools and advanced analysis of capable staffs that would take over if a senior executive leaves (softscape, 2009). Goldman Sachs Succession planning systems have helped to identify, prepare, and track high potential employees for promotion and advancement. This planning method further reaffirms the fact that the key success factor as stated in the Groups Values is Our People (Goldman Sachs, 2010). Practically, Goldman Sachs examines the capabilities of her employees and follows up their performance and effectiveness from basic roles to leadership qualities. Senior executives are encouraged to select at least three employee of their choice who would be monitored and later given more responsibilities within a division by way of heading smaller departments (see figure 4). These selected employees would then be observed and scrutinized considering several behavioral and professional factors. After a specified period, one out of the three would be groomed specifically for the proposed senior position. Figure 4: Succession planning adapted from Goldman Sachs (2010) Retention Plan; this planning method enables the Goldman Sachs HR managers to identify competent employees who are of great value to the organization and have the capabilities of stepping into senior positions. This category of employees are then developed and mentored through a planned procedure to equip them with the classified ethics of the Group (GS annual conference, 2009). Goldman HR managers also use tools like competitive pay rate, quality training, and continuous development programs as a retention strategy for senior executives. Although Goldman Sachs keeps all vital information regarding their senior executives classified. Effective Retention planning has helped Goldmans HR managers to anticipate unforeseen circumstances that may occur if an employee under grooming decides to leave (Lloyd, 2008). Horizontal Progression plan; as a result of the recent economy down-turn Goldman Sachs has integrated many job positions to shrink cost (FT, 2008). The effect of this change created an un-safe environment for their employees and resulted to under performance across all divisions. As part of the strategic intervention by the HR managers, Horizontal progression plan was introduced to enable job rotation and staffs transfer across the Group (Goldman Sachs, 2009). This created a boost in their employees morale and there was a recorded Tier 1 ratio of 16.0% increase in Balance sheet (an increase from 15.6% as of November 28, 2008). Question 4: Recruitment Selection strategies ensure the deployment of a new human capital in the organization. What Recruitment and Selection strategies are taken in your chosen organization to recruit select senior management staff to enhance organizational performance? Goldman Sachs global business reputation and success begin from the recruitment and selection of competent and talented employees (Lloyd, 2009); this statement forms the bedrock on which GS HR managers build recruitment and selection strategies for senior executives. Fletcher (1996) started that an organizations workforce should match her corporate vision; hence the HR policies for recruitment and selection of senior executives at Goldman Sachs have been tailored to best fit their business goals. There is a clear definition of who is needed and a well defined role and responsibilities of any selected senior executive at all division. A recent report by KPMG (2009) started that in the USA 20 percent of the entire workforce will retire in 2011, in London 60 percent of skilled employers are facing skill shortage already, and the average cost of recruitment and selection process runs into an excess of about à £4800. Recruiting senior staff members is a critical procedure for HR managers at Goldman Sachs, unlike the general recruitment process; Brains are not just enough, there are several stages to determine whether a prospective candidate meet the Goldman Sachs intellectual standards. Prospective employees are identified, assessed and selected on the bases of their work experience and professional recognition within the financial trading, asset management and investment banking industry. Some of the best fit recruitment strategies employed by Goldman Sachs HR managers includes; Employers Branding, In-house search, Head hunters, Employee referral schemes, Professional social networks like LinkedIn (Crawford, 2010) a nd sometimes newspaper advert. Employers Branding Minchington (2005) defines employer brand as the image of an organization as a great place to work in the mind of existing employees and key stakeholders. Simon and Tim (1996) defined it as the package of functional, economic and psychological benefits provided by employment. HR managers at Goldman Sachs use their employer brand in the form of series of messages and images about the company to communicate its culture and value- from the employees point of view during the pre-recruitment phase. They employ this strategy as a strong tool to attract and recruit talented senior executives across the investment banking industry as well as retention strategy for existing senior employees (Goldman, 2009). In-House Exploration Goldman HR managers identify existing employees who have the capabilities and can possibly fill in a vacant senior position when the need arise (Goldman Sachs Tactical recruitment option, 2009). The advantage of this option is that it reduces the cost of going through the rigorous recruitment and selection process for fresh candidates. However, the disadvantage of this strategy is that when a junior employee is identified to fill up a senior position, the position of that employee becomes vacant thereby creating the need for the recruitment of another junior employee to fill in such gap. Head Hunters Traditionally, Headhunter is the industry term for a third-party recruiter, who seeks out possible candidates. Goldman Sachs has got in-house Headhunters who have been employed to network, cultivate relationships with various companies, maintain large databases, purchase company directories or candidate lists, and cold call prospective recruits (GS, 2009). This category of employees is part of the Goldman Sachs HR team and their sole responsibility is to source for possible candidates to fill any senior job role vacancy. Employee referral schemes This is the case where existing Goldman Sachs senior employees suggest potential candidates drawn from their own networks and connections. Goldman Sachs HR managers adopt this strategy very often considering the quality of these existing senior employees and their contribution to the success and standard of the Goldman Sachs Group. Latest CIPD Recruitment and Retention survey à ¬Ã ndings indicates that the percentage of organizations that attract applicants by this method has increased from 38% in 2005 to over 47% in 2010 (CIPD, 2010). Purcell et al (2003) started that the willingness of existing employees to recommend their organization to others is used as a measure of organizational commitment in high performing workplaces. The advantage of employee referral schemes includes reduced recruitment costs, as well as enabling applicants to achieve a more realistic job preview. Professional social network (LinkedIn) Goldman Sachs has a network on LinkedIn a social networking site that is career focused and has got a tremendous reach across geographies. Goldman Sachs HR managers use LinkedIn to post job vacancies especially for senior management roles. Sometimes, the use of LinkedIn search prompts which has a sophisticated algorithm to job match possible candidates may become handy (Goldman, 2010). This strategy is often adopted when the need for a candidate to fill up a vacant role arise rather impromptu. However, the tendency for such situation to arise is slim due to the proactive nature of HR managers at Goldman Sachs. The right selection strategy is as important as any recruitment strategy employed by Goldman Sachs HR managers. The aim is to ensure that candidates are employed based on realistic competency rather than an acclaimed quality usually presented in resumes (Milner, 2009). Goldman selection process aim to quickly, accurately, and efficiently identify the best potential candidate for a vacant position. As a result, Goldman Sachs selects potential senior employee by means of direct telephone interview, board-room presentation and on rare occasions, face-to-face interview. Goldman Sachs HR managers adopt this medium considering the necessity for a fast, efficient and cost effective selection process for any prospective candidate who has been deemed fit for a senior position. Interviewing is the most widely used selection process in Goldman Sachs; where first and second interviews are conducted. Interviews are normally conducted between business hours, which are from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Interviews are ideally scheduled one week in advance, but may not always be possible, therefore negotiation between GS HR representative and prospective senior employee may be necessary. Behavioral interviewing is a common practice at during Goldman selection process, alongside with reference checks and psychometric assessments. It is advised that a combination of these selection methods be utilized to guarantee that the best candidates are screened and to benefit from a reduction in future costs associated with hiring and training, even at the fundamental entry level positions. It is also important to consider compensation and benefits packages in order to retain and attract the best candidates. Question 5: HRD interventions help organization to develop highly competent staff and teams. Describe the use of at least 3 HR training Development methods taken to enhance the competence of the senior management staff in your chosen organization. To a large extent, models of strategic HRD presupposes a rational and linear model of strategy formulation and implementation of process involving objective settings, the analysis of environmental trends and available resources, evaluation of options, and ending with a careful planning of the strategys implementation (Storey, 1991). Hendry (1995) suggested that the ideal HRD strategy should be the one that best fit Goldman Sachs business goals not actually the best practice. Beer and Spector (1989) added that strategic HRD can be viewed as a proactive system-wide intervention which is linked to strategic and cultural changes. Goldman Sachs Business objective Goals and strategies Departmental strategies Finance,Marketing,HRD,HRM,Operations HRD policies HRD plans HRD procedures HRD practices Evaluation Figure 5: Strategy and HRD adapted from (Wilson, 1999) Figure 5 illustrates the contribution of strategic HRD interventions to the training and development of Goldman Sachs human capital at every stage of the organizations strategy breakdown structure. HRD is an essential factor that affects employees capability and performance. It shows that HR development in policies, plans, working procedures, and practices would lead to staff competency. Human resource development focuses on the development of people, enhancing their skills, knowledge, attitudes so that they create value (human capital) for Goldman Sachs business needs. HRD seeks to optimize the human potential readily available across all Goldmans divisions (Shames, 2010). Goldman Sachs believes that human resource development interventions should be proactive rather that reactive (Lloyd, 2009). Employees are frequently groomed to become efficient in their core competency. Like the Japanese Kaizen, training and development is a continuous process in Goldman Sachs; the quality and standard of employees reflects the effectiveness of the HRD strategies employed by HR managers at all divisions of the Group. The training and development methods adopted are; Job rotation: Flexibility within working environment is a breeding-ground for development (Frederic, 2006). Senior executives are obligated to perform different job roles on regular bases as part of Goldman Sachs continuous development plan. This is a proactive strategy that does not only increase employees competency but also ensures that all senior employees can play several roles within the organization to reduce cost. It also creates an avenue for the HR managers to identify who best fit certain roles for efficiency and productivity. Coaching: Although rarely employed at senior level, Coaching at Goldman Sachs explains the development process where a more experienced senior executive (trainer) ensure that the senior employee under development (trainee) is monitored and guided through a well structured on-the-job training program. Usually, the trainer commits the trainee to undertake certain un-familiar responsibilities while he looks out for errors. These errors would be corrected in a manner that wouldnt tarnish the morale of the senior employee under development else the aim for the program would be ruined. This method ensures a close working relationship between the trainer and the trainee. Self-development and Learning: During the GS annual conference in March, 2008, Goldman Sachs CEO Lloyd C. Blankfein stated We cannot recruit an employee who doesnt have value for self development. Self development is enhanced by continuous learning and development in a broader perspective increases competency. Goldman Sachs encourages its senior management staffs to improve by constantly challenging them with greater job responsibilities as well as a regular review of working standards. Figure 5 illustrates the model of Goldmans employees continuous learning where they engage in learning opportunities to maintain, or improve, their employability. Figure 6: GS continuous learning structure adapted from (eBusiness Community Model, 2010) Question 6: What role Performance Management plays in achieving higher performance in your chosen organization? M Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01049128992653718286noreply@blogger.com0